Encoding scheme design for gradient-free, nonlinear projection imaging using Bloch-Siegert RF spatial encoding in a low-field, open MRI system

Abstract

Eliminating conventional pulsed B0-gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can significantly reduce the cost of and increase access to these devices. Phase shifts induced by the Bloch-Siegert shift effect have been proposed as a means for gradient-free, RF spatial encoding for low-field MR imaging. However, nonlinear phasor patterns like those generated from loop coils have not been systematically studied in the context of 2D spatial encoding. This work presents an optimization algorithm to select an efficient encoding trajectory among the nonlinear patterns achievable with a given hardware setup. Performance of encoding trajectories or projections was evaluated through simulated and experimental image reconstructions. Results show that the encodings schemes designed by this algorithm provide more efficient spatial encoding than comparison encoding sets, and the method produces images with the predicted spatial resolution and minimal artifacts. Overall, the work demonstrates the feasibility of performing 2D gradient-free, low-field imaging using the Bloch-Siegert shift which is an important step towards creating low-cost, point-of-care MR systems.