Encoding of Terms in EMB-Based Mealy FSMs

Barkalov, Alexander; Titarenko, Larysa; Mazurkiewicz, Małgorzata; Krzywicki, Kazimierz

doi:10.3390/app10082762

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3). In FSM U 2 , the LUTerZ implements the SBF (7), the LUTerΦY the systems ( 8 In [51], it is proposed to implement SBF (7) using embedded memory blocks. In this case, the LUTerZ is replaced by a block EMBerZ including one or more EMBs.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Barkalov

Titarenko

Mazurkiewicz

et al. 2021

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Very often, a digital system includes sequential blocks which can be represented using a model of the finite state machine (FSM). It is very important to improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used logic elements, operating frequency and consumed energy. The paper proposes a novel technology-dependant design method targeting LUT-based Mealy FSMs. It belongs to the group of structural decomposition methods. The method is based on encoding the product terms of Boolean functions representing the FSM circuit. To diminish the number of LUTs, a partition of the set of internal states is constructed. It leads to three-level logic circuits of Mealy FSMs. Each function from the first level requires only a single LUT to be implemented. The method of constructing the partition with the minimum amount of classes is proposed. There is given an example of FSM synthesis with the proposed method. The experiments with standard benchmarks were conducted. They show that the proposed method can improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used LUTs. This improvement is accompanied by a decrease in performance. A positive side effect of the proposed method is a reduction in power consumption compared with FSMs obtained with other design methods.

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Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To optimize the circuit of LUTerΦY , the set of terms is divided by classes. It allows improving area and power consumption as compared with LUTbased FSM U 2 [51]. But this approach can be used only if not all available EMBs are used for implementing various blocks of a digital system including a particular FSM.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Barkalov

Titarenko

Mazurkiewicz

et al. 2021

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“…The second approach to optimizing CLB-based FSMs is related to using EMBs instead of LUTs [47]. There are many design methods targeting EMB-based FSMs [47][48][49][52][53][54][55][56][57].The survey of different methods of EMB-based design can be found in [47]. In the best case, only a single EMB is necessary to implement an FSM circuit [49].…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Characteristics of Multi-Level LUT-Based Mealy FSMs

et al. 2020

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Contemporary digital systems include many varying sequential blocks. In the article, we discuss a case when Mealy finite state machines (FSMs) describe the behavior of sequential blocks. In many cases, the performance is the most important characteristic of an FSM circuit. In the article, we propose a method which allows increasing the operating frequency of multi-level look-up table (LUT)-based Mealy FSMs. The main idea of the proposed approach is to use together two methods of structural decomposition. They are: (1) the known method of transformation of codes of collections of outputs into FSM state codes and (2) a new method of extension of state codes. The proposed approach allows producing FPGA-based FSMs having three levels of logic combined through the system of regular interconnections. Each function for every level of logic was implemented using a single LUT. An example of the synthesis of Mealy FSM with the proposed architecture is shown. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the results of experimental studies based on standard benchmark FSMs. The research results show that FSM circuits based on the proposed approach have a higher operating frequency than can be obtained using other investigated methods. The maximum operating frequency is improved by an average of 3.18 to 12.57 percent. These improvements are accompanied by a small growth of LUT count.

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“…Using EMBs allows for an improvement of main characteristics of FSM circuits (Sklyarov, 2000). Because of this, there are many design methods targeting EMB-based FSMs (Sklyarov et al, 2014;Baranov, 1994;Cong and Yan, 2000;Sklyarov, 2000;Garcia-Vargas et al, 2007;Tiwari and Tomko, 2004;Rawski et al, 2011;Kołopieńczyk et al, 2017;Barkalov et al, 2020a;Borowik, 2018).…”

Section: H})mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving characteristics of LUT-based Mealy FSMs

Barkalov

Titarenko

Mielcarek

2020

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Practically, any digital system includes sequential blocks represented using a model of finite state machine (FSM). It is very important to improve such FSM characteristics as the number of logic elements used, operating frequency and consumed energy. The paper proposes a novel technology-dependent design method targeting a decrease in the number of look-up table (LUT) elements and their levels in logic circuits of FPGA-based Mealy FSMs. It produces FSM circuits having three levels of logic blocks. Also, it produces circuits with regular systems of interconnections between the levels of logic. The method is based on dividing the set of internal states into two subsets. Each subset corresponds to a unique part of an FSM circuit. Only a single LUT is required for implementing each function generated by the first part of the circuit. The second part is represented by a multi-level circuit. The proposed method belongs to the group of two-fold state assignment methods. Each internal state is encoded as an element of the set of states and as an element of some of its subsets. A binary state assignment is used for states corresponding to the first part of the FSM circuit. The one-hot assignment is used for states corresponding to the second part. An example of FSM synthesis with the proposed method is shown. The experiments with standard benchmarks are conducted to analyze the efficiency of the proposed method. The results of experiments show that the proposed approach leads to diminishing the number of LUTs in the circuits of rather complex Mealy FSMs having more than 15 internal states. The positive property of this method is a reduction in energy consumption (without any overhead cost) and an increase in operating frequency compared with other investigated methods.

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Encoding of Terms in EMB-Based Mealy FSMs

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Improving the Characteristics of Multi-Level LUT-Based Mealy FSMs

Improving characteristics of LUT-based Mealy FSMs

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