Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory

Rugg, Michael D.; Johnson, Jeffrey D.; Uncapher, Melina R.

doi:10.1002/9781118332634.ch5

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Transient episodic memory effects were observed in the hippocampus, among other regions. The hippocampal effects are consistent with the proposal that one way that the hippocampus supports episodic memory is by initially reinstating the episodic details of a past experience (see, Rugg et al, 2015; Schacter & Addis, 2007). The observation of sustained activation profiles in the left lateral parietal cortex, together with the observation that activity within this region is sensitive to the amount of recollected information (see above), provide strong support for the interpretation the left lateral parietal cortex supports the maintenance of episodic information (Rugg et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For example, activity in the lateral parietal cortex is greater under conditions of full relative to partial recollection (e.g., recall of a studied episode and its contextual features relative to recall of the studied episode alone; Hayama, Vilberg, & Rugg, 2012; Vilberg & Rugg, 2007; see also, Thakral, Wang, & Rugg, 2015; Yu, Johnson, & Rugg, 2012). These findings have been taken to support the idea that these regions contribute to the maintenance or representation of recollected information (Rugg et al, 2015; Vilberg & Rugg, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…A number of studies examining the neural correlates of episodic memory have demonstrated that neural activity in several core network regions covaries with the amount of information recollected (for a review, see Rugg, Johnson, & Uncapher, 2015). For example, activity in the lateral parietal cortex is greater under conditions of full relative to partial recollection (e.g., recall of a studied episode and its contextual features relative to recall of the studied episode alone; Hayama, Vilberg, & Rugg, 2012; Vilberg & Rugg, 2007; see also, Thakral, Wang, & Rugg, 2015; Yu, Johnson, & Rugg, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Imagining the future: The core episodic simulation network dissociates as a function of timecourse and the amount of simulated information

Thakral

Benoit

Schacter

2017

Cortex

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Neuroimaging data indicate that episodic memory (i.e., remembering specific past experiences) and episodic simulation (i.e., imagining specific future experiences) are associated with enhanced activity in a common set of neural regions, often referred to as the core network. This network comprises the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, lateral and medial parietal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. Evidence for a core network has been taken as support for the idea that episodic memory and episodic simulation are supported by common processes. Much remains to be learned about how specific core network regions contribute to specific aspects of episodic simulation. Prior neuroimaging studies of episodic memory indicate that certain regions within the core network are differentially sensitive to the amount of information recollected (e.g., the left lateral parietal cortex). In addition, certain core network regions dissociate as a function of their timecourse of engagement during episodic memory (e.g., transient activity in the posterior hippocampus and sustained activity in the left lateral parietal cortex). In the current study, we assessed whether similar dissociations could be observed during episodic simulation. We found that the left lateral parietal cortex modulates as a function of the amount of simulated details. Of particular interest, while the hippocampus was insensitive to the amount of simulated details, we observed a temporal dissociation within the hippocampus: transient activity occurred in relatively posterior portions of the hippocampus and sustained activity occurred in anterior portions. Because the posterior hippocampal and lateral parietal findings parallel those observed previously during episodic memory, the present results add to the evidence that episodic memory and episodic simulation are supported by common processes. Critically, the present study also provides evidence that regions within the core network support dissociable processes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imagining the future: The core episodic simulation network dissociates as a function of timecourse and the amount of simulated information

Thakral

Benoit

Schacter

2017

Cortex

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“…Such ERP changes are often interpreted in non-affective terms, however, and attributed to strictly cognitive operations such as attentional orienting toward stored representations and graded recollection (Wilding, 2000; Rugg and Henson, 2002). Meanwhile, a robust literature in affective neuroscience links the parietal LPP to emotional arousal from affective stimuli (see Hajcak et al , 2010 for a review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauty is in the belief of the beholder: cognitive influences on the neural response to facial attractiveness

Thiruchselvam¹,

Harper²,

Homer³

2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Judgments of facial attractiveness are central to decision-making in various domains, but little is known about the extent to which they are malleable. In this study, we used EEG/ERP methods to examine two novel influences on neural and subjective responses to facial attractiveness: an observer’s expectation and repetition. In each trial of our task, participants viewed either an ordinary or attractive face. To alter expectations, the faces were preceded by a peer-rating that ostensibly reflected the overall attractiveness value assigned to that face by other individuals. To examine the impact of repetition, trials were presented twice throughout the experimental session. Results showed that participants’ expectations about a person’s attractiveness level powerfully altered both the neural response (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP) and self-reported attractiveness ratings. Intriguingly, repetition enhanced both the LPP and self-reported attractiveness as well. Exploratory analyses further suggested that both observer expectation and repetition modulated early neural responses (i.e. the early posterior negativity; EPN) elicited by facial attractiveness. Collectively, these results highlight novel influences on a core social judgment that underlies individuals’ affective lives.

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“…It is well established that episodic retrieval is associated with the reinstatement in the brain of some of the processes and representations that were active when the episode was initially experienced (for reviews, see Rugg, Johnson, & Uncapher, 2015; Danker & Anderson, 2011). For example, cortical regions engaged during the processing of visual scene information, such as the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the parahippocampal cortex (PHC), are active not only when such information is processed on-line, but also when it is subsequently recollected (Gordon, Rissman, Kiani, & Wagner, 2014; Johnson, Suzuki, & Rugg, 2013; Kuhl et al, 2012; Staresina, Henson, Kriegeskorte, & Alink, 2012; Johnson & Rugg, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval Goal Modulates Memory for Context

Elward¹,

Rugg²

2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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fMRI was employed to assess whether the contents of recollection vary according to retrieval goal. At study, visually-presented words were overlaid on urban or rural scenes or a grey background. The word-background pairs were presented in one of three spatial locations. During a scanned test phase, studied and unstudied words were presented. Two different source memory tasks were randomly interleaved. In the ‘background’ task, the requirement was to judge whether the word had been presented against one of the two classes of scene, as opposed to the alternate class or the grey background. In the ‘location’ task, discrimination was between words presented in one of the two lateral locations, and words presented in either of the alternate locations. In both tasks, unstudied words required a separate response. In the background task, words studied against scenes elicited greater activity in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex than did words studied against the grey background, consistent with prior reports of scene reinstatement effects. Reinstatement effects were also evident in the location task. Relative to the background task, however, the effects were attenuated in parahippocampal cortex. In other regions, including medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, activity elicited in the location task by items associated with scenes was lower than that elicited by items presented on the grey background. The findings are interpreted as evidence that contextual retrieval is partially modulated by retrieval goal.

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Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory

Cited by 51 publications

References 95 publications

Imagining the future: The core episodic simulation network dissociates as a function of timecourse and the amount of simulated information

Imagining the future: The core episodic simulation network dissociates as a function of timecourse and the amount of simulated information

Beauty is in the belief of the beholder: cognitive influences on the neural response to facial attractiveness

Retrieval Goal Modulates Memory for Context

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