Enclosed stigma contributes to higher spikelet fertility for rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to heat stress

Wu, Chao; Cui, Kehui; Hu, Qiongyao; Wang, Wencheng; Huang, Jikun; Peng, Shaobing

doi:10.1016/j.cj.2018.11.011

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Reduced spikelet fertility under HT at the owering stage was attributed to abnormalities in anther dehiscence [10], pollen shedding and pollen germination [4,11]. Pollen production, the amount of pollens on the stigma, in vivo pollen germination on the stigma, and hidden stigmas were positively associated with spikelet fertility under HT at the owering stage [1,2,[12][13][14]. These previous reports show that the normal development of reproductive organs is a necessary perquisite for spikelet fertility and grain yield formation under heat stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Abnormal Anther Development Leads to Lower Spikelet Fertility in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature During the Panicle Initiation Stage

Cui

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Decreased spikelet fertility is often responsible for reduction in grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, two varieties with different levels of heat tolerance, Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ, heat susceptible) and Shanyou63 (SY63, heat tolerant) were subjected to two temperature treatments for 28 days during the panicle initiation stage in temperature/relative humidity-controlled greenhouses: high temperature (HT; 37/27℃; day/night) and control temperature (CK; 31/27℃; day/night) to investigate changes in anther development under HT during panicle initiation and their relationship with spikelet fertility.Results: HT significantly decreased the grain yield of LYPJ by decreasing the number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting percentage. In addition, HT produced minor adverse effects in SY63. The decreased spikelet fertility was primarily attributed to decreased pollen viability and anther dehiscence, as well as poor pollen shedding of the anthers of LYPJ under HT. HT resulted in abnormal anther development (fewer vacuolated microspores, un-degraded tapetum, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies) and malformation of pollen (obscure outline of the pollen exine with a collapsed bacula, disordered tectum, and no nexine of the pollen walls, uneven sporopollenin deposition on the surface of pollen grains) in LYPJ, which may have lowered pollen viability. Additionally, HT produced a compact knitted anther cuticle structure of the epidermis, an un-degraded septum, a thickened anther wall, unevenly distributed Ubisch bodies, and inhibition of the confluent locule, and these malformed structures may be partially responsible for the decreased anther dehiscence rate and reduced pollen shedding of the anthers in LYPJ. In contrast, the anther wall and pollen development of SY63 were not substantially changed under HT. Conclusions: Our results suggest that disturbed anther walls and pollen development are responsible for the reduced spikelet fertility and grain yield of the tested heat susceptible variety, and noninvasive anthers and pollen formation in response to HT were associated with improved heat tolerance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Most previous studies investigated damage induced by HT during the owering stage [2,13,14,[28][29][30], and there have been few investigations of the effects of HT during panicle initiation on rice yield formation [2,3]. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the detrimental effects of HT during panicle initiation in rice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Anther Development Leads to Lower Spikelet Fertility in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature During the Panicle Initiation Stage

Cui

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Considering the ‘one (ovary) vs a few thousand (pollen)’ concept and with only 10–20% pollen germination considered sufficient to set seed under heat stress (Shi et al , ; Chiluwal et al , ), entails the need to explore diverse genetic resources for enhancing tolerance of pistil to heat stress. Additionally, traits such as ‘hidden (enclosed) stigma’, which helped increase stigma viability and spikelet fertility in rice exposed to heat stress during flowering (Wu et al , ), need to be validated for effectiveness under hotter field conditions.…”

Section: Male and Female Reproductive Organ Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress during flowering in cereals – effects and adaptation strategies

2020

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Summary Heat stress during flowering has differential impact on male and female reproductive organ viability leading to yield losses in field crops. Unlike flooded rice, dryland cereals such as sorghum, pearl millet and wheat have optimised their flower opening during cooler early morning or late evening hours to lower heat stress damage during flowering. Although previous studies have concluded that pollen viability determines seed set under heat stress, recent findings have revealed pearl millet and sorghum pistils to be equally sensitive to heat stress. Integrating flower opening time during cooler hours with increased pollen and pistil viability will overcome heat stress‐induced damage during flowering under current and future hotter climatic conditions.

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“…The main reasons for production loss due to heat stress are a reduced number of filaments, delayed silking time, and decreased silking rate and filament viability. These changes in ear development ultimately result in reduced florescence, insufficient pollination and fertilization, and significantly decreased grain numbers (Wu C. et al, 2019). For rice, the most damaging heat stress responses occur at either the anthesis stage or the gametogenesis stage and include inhibited pollen viability and pollen tube growth, which result in a higher spikelet sterility rate (Jagadish et al, 2010(Jagadish et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Hormones Inhibit Differentiation of Young Ears in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Heat Stress

et al. 2020

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Global warming frequently leads to extreme temperatures, which pose a serious threat to the growth, development, and yield formation of crops such as maize. This study aimed to deeply explore the molecular mechanisms of young ear development under heat stress. We selected the heat-tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 (T) and heatsensitive maize variety Xianyu 335 (S), and subjected them to heat stress in the V9 (9th leaf), V12 (12th leaf), and VT (tasseling) growth stages. We combined analysis of the maize phenotype with omics technology and physiological indicators to compare the differences in young ear morphology, total number of florets, floret fertilization rate, grain abortion rate, number of grains, and main metabolic pathways between plants subjected to heat stress and those left to develop normally. The results showed that after heat stress, the length and diameter of young ears, total number of florets, floret fertilization rate, and number of grains all decreased significantly, whereas the length of the undeveloped part at the top of the ear and grain abortion rate increased significantly. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in young ears were significantly enriched in the hormone signaling pathways. The endogenous hormone content in young ears exhibited different changes: zeatin (ZT) and zeatin riboside (ZR) decreased significantly, but gibberellin acid 3 (GA 3), gibberellin acid 4 (GA 4), and abscisic acid (ABA) increased significantly, in ears subjected to heat stress. In the heat-tolerant maize variety, the salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) content in the vegetative growth stage also increased in ears subjected to heat stress, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the heat-sensitive variety. The changes in endogenous hormone content of young ears that were subjected to heat stress significantly affected ear development, resulting in a reduction in the number of differentiated florets, fertilized florets and grains, which ultimately reduced the maize yield.

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Enclosed stigma contributes to higher spikelet fertility for rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to heat stress

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Abnormal Anther Development Leads to Lower Spikelet Fertility in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature During the Panicle Initiation Stage

Abnormal Anther Development Leads to Lower Spikelet Fertility in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under High Temperature During the Panicle Initiation Stage

Heat stress during flowering in cereals – effects and adaptation strategies

Endogenous Hormones Inhibit Differentiation of Young Ears in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Heat Stress

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