Enclavic tourism spaces: territorialization and bordering in tourism destination development and planning

Saarinen, Jarkko

doi:10.1080/14616688.2016.1258433

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…In this respect, tourism enclaves are products of border-making between "us and them" (hosts and guests), making enclaves exclusive spaces and spaces of exclusion at the same time. On the one hand, as noted above, this means that tourism enclaves contain all or most of the facilities, services, and activities needed for visitors to enjoy their holiday in a destination (Saarinen, 2017). On the other hand, locals' access to enclavic tourism spaces is often regulated (Carlisle & Jones) with limited possibilities to benefit from tourism in terms of income and employment.…”

Section: Tourism Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this perspective, tourism enclaves provide meeting points for the industry, local developers, and labor. These relations, however, are still often seen as being based on an uneven exchange between the tourism industry actors and communities (see Saarinen, 2017;Torres & Momsen, 2005). Timely research examples include modern slavery, in which the links between the global tourism industry's supply chains and human rights abuses in sex tourism, labor rights, and social dumping (e.g.…”

Section: Studies On Enclave Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, locals' access to enclaves may be controlled or even prevented, and can be limited to working purposes only. Nowadays, enclaves and enclavic processes separating tourism and tourists from local realities are relatively visible elements of tourism, especially in planning and development contexts dominated by external forces and actors (see Buzinde & Manuel-Navarrete, 2013;Saarinen, 2017;Torres & Momsen, 2005). This has led to an increasing scholarly and public interest in enclave tourism, as such forms and environments of tourism often include power inequalities and unsustainable practices that can have serious negative impacts and trade-offs for local social and economic processes (see Saarinen, Rogerson, & Hall, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enclaves in tourism: producing and governing exclusive spaces for tourism

Saarinen

Wall-Reinius

2019

Tourism Geographies

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Exclusively planned tourism destinations, such as all-inclusive resorts, gated resort communities, private cruise liner-owned islands and privatized beaches, have increased over the last few decades. Researchers have analyzed these kinds of tourism environments as enclaves, which are typically driven by external forces and actors, strongly supported by globalization and the current neoliberal market economy. Existing research shows that tourism enclaves are characterized by active border-making, power issues and material and/or symbolic separation from the surrounding socio-cultural realities, leading to weak linkages with host communities and the local economy. Tourism enclaves involve power inequalities, injustices and unsustainable practices that often have serious negative impacts on local socioeconomic development. The articles of the special issue focus on tourism enclaves in different theoretical and geographical contexts and they contribute to our understanding of how these exclusive spaces are created and transformed and how they shape places and place identities. The individual research articles are contextualized and discussed with the key theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on tourism enclaves. Future research needs include analysis of linkages and flows of labor, goods, ideas and capital in different scales; policymaking, planning and regulations; environmental impacts; and locals' land and resource access in the respect of bordering, privatization and land grabbing. By focusing on these topics, the tourism industry could be guided towards more responsible and sustainable development path.

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Section: Tourism Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies On Enclave Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enclaves in tourism: producing and governing exclusive spaces for tourism

Saarinen

Wall-Reinius

2019

Tourism Geographies

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“…Many new topics have appeared and could serve as the core of the next research agenda. Nevertheless, space, place and location remain at the heart of geography, empowering geographers to evaluate tourism holistically and on multiple scales (see Saarinen 2017, Timothy 2018.…”

Section: Some Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism transitions, changes, and the creation of new spaces and places in Central-Eastern Europe

Więckowski¹,

Saarinen²

2019

Geogr. Pol.

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This paper outlines the general context of tourism, and the changes it underwent, in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries post-1990. The role of European Union enlargement is also discussed, allowing for an overall highlighting of the outcomes for tourism of the CEE countries’ political, administrative and institutional transformations. In essence, the development of transport systems and infrastructure have combined with the changing socio-economic conditions people experience to impact economically, socially and culturally – expanding the opportunities where tourism is concerned, as well as competition between countries and regions when it comes to attracting both tourists as such and investors. More specifically, the rapid privatisation of state-owned assets ensured a major impact in changing and developing tourism in the CEE, with the communist/post-communist structural changes in general proving a crucial catalyst underpinning most of the changes noted. This paper further serves the function of concluding contributions making up this special issue, and thus seeks to outline new future directions by which tourism in the CEE countries can be researched from the perspective of human geography.

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“…Z kolei M. Więckowski i D. Cerić (2016) Palmowski (2017) twierdzi, że badania na temat integracji regionu Morza Bałtyckiego są rozproszone, a te najnowsze najczęściej odnoszą się jedynie do marginesu szerokiego spektrum problemów. W tym szerokim spektrum znajduje się transgraniczna integracja turystyczna, jednak pomimo rosnącego znaczenia interdyscyplinarnego obszaru badań granicznych, turystyka i rekreacja nie odgrywają istotnej roli (Saarinen, 2017;Mayer i inni, 2019). Porównując z innym zagadnieniami poruszanymi przez polskich geografów, badania nad tematem integracji przestrzeni turystycznej w regionie Morza Bałtyckiego były nieliczne.…”

Section: Integracja Transgraniczna Na Obszarach Morskich I Nadmorskichunclassified

Transgraniczna przestrzeń turystyczna obszarów morskich i nadmorskich na przykładzie Morza Bałtyckiego – próba wyjaśnienia pojęcia = Cross-border tourism space in maritime and seaside areasa s exemplified by the Baltic Sea Region – an attempt at explaining the concept

Cerić¹

2019

Prz. Geogr.

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The article reports on work reviewing research into cross-border tourism space as this relates to sea areas. In essence, the review made it clear that the matter in question only appears in the literature rather rarely, even as its underpinning concepts involving tourism space, borders, cross-border cooperation and international integration have been the subject of many studies. The Baltic Sea is no longer an area of separation, having become – more than ever – a meeting point of numerous political, economic and ecological interests. Within its basin (including adjacent areas of land and waters), cross-border tourism space is developing mainly as connections are formed between already-existing tourism space within given states – primarily coastal cities or regions. Connections via the sea confer physical shape upon maritime tourism space, by way of a banded pattern. In turn, cooperation between entities located on two (or more) sides of the maritime border plays a significant role in delimiting the boundaries of cross-border tourism space associated with sea areas, while also serving in the integration process relating to that space, which is actually more extensive than just the interconnected cross-border sea and the coastal spaces, given that cooperating entities may be located even beyond. The author argues that space in which the authorities, institutions and residents of two or more neighbouring countries make contact with each other by way of tourism as conceived broadly can be designated cross-border tourism space. If it is countries separated by a maritime border that are connected, then it is possible to speak of a cross-border tourism space linked to marine areas. The physical flow of tourists by ship that characterises the space in question (as tourist flows occur) provides further strengthening of the idea that such space is capable of being designated. This research forms part of work on aspects of border management and the development of cross-border management (by which a common, cross-border space, in this case for tourism, is developed). The author also posits the existence of cognitive tourism in relation to coastal areas: in cities (urban systems in coastal districts, ports, historic parts of cities, spas), and along the natural shoreline (visits made to coast, shore, dunes and cliffs). The work is then brought to a close with suggestions for further research on the topic, as based on an integrated approach embracing attractiveness, infrastructure and tourism flows, accessibility, the analysis of strategic and planning documents related to the development of tourism, tourism management, territorial marketing, regional identity, the creation of regional tourist products, cross-border cooperation relating to the development of tourism and the relevant impact of cooperation of this kind.

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Enclavic tourism spaces: territorialization and bordering in tourism destination development and planning

Cited by 60 publications

References 65 publications

Enclaves in tourism: producing and governing exclusive spaces for tourism

Enclaves in tourism: producing and governing exclusive spaces for tourism

Tourism transitions, changes, and the creation of new spaces and places in Central-Eastern Europe

Transgraniczna przestrzeń turystyczna obszarów morskich i nadmorskich na przykładzie Morza Bałtyckiego – próba wyjaśnienia pojęcia = Cross-border tourism space in maritime and seaside areasa s exemplified by the Baltic Sea Region – an attempt at explaining the concept

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