Enchytraeid and nematode numbers in urban, polluted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in relation to other soil biological parameters

Ohtonen, Rauni; Ohtonen, Arvo; Luotonen, Hannu; Markkola, Anna Mari

doi:10.1007/bf00337238

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The nematode community structure was also correlated with changes in the soil characteristics, which in turn were modified by the different plant functional suggested that a decline in nematode populations in urban soils might be linked to higher heavy metal concentrations in urban soils. On the other hand, Ohtonen (1992) found no link between metal pollution and nematode density.…”

Section: Effects Of Park Age On the Soil Biotamentioning

confidence: 78%

Soil biota in boreal urban greenspace: Responses to plant type and age

Francini

Hui

Jumpponen

et al. 2018

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Plant functional type influences the abundance and distribution of soil biota.With time, as root systems develop, such effects become more apparent. The relationship of plant type and time with the structure and abundance of soil microbial and invertebrate communities has been widely investigated in a variety of systems. However, much less is known about long-term soil community dynamics within the context of urban environments. In this study, we investigated how soil microbes, nematodes and earthworms respond to different plant functional types (lawns only and lawns with deciduous or evergreen trees) and park age in 41 urban parks in southern Finland. As nonurban controls we included deciduous and evergreen trees in 5 forest sites. We expected that microbial biomass and the relative abundance of fungi over bacteria would increase with time. We also expected major differences in soil microbial and nematode communities depending on vegetation: we hypothesized that i) the presence of trees, and evergreens in particular, would support a greater abundance of fungi and fungal-feeding nematodes over bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes and ii) the fungi to bacteria ratio would be lowest in lawns, with deciduous trees showing intermediate values.In contrast to our predictions, we showed that old deciduous trees, rather than evergreens, supported the highest fungal abundances and fungal-feeding nematodes in the soil. Consistent with our predictions, microbial biomass in urban park soils tended to increase with time, whereas -in contrast to our hypotheses -fungal-feeding nematode abundance declined. Even in the oldest parks included in the current study, microbial biomass estimates never approximated those in the minimally managed natural forests, where biomass estimates were three times higher. Anecic earthworm abundance also increased with time in urban parks, whereas abundances of fungal-feeding, plant-feeding and omnivorous nematodes, as well as those of epigeic and endogeic earthworms remained constant with time and without any distinct differences between urban parks and the control forests. Our findings highlight that although urban park soils harbor diverse soil communities and 2

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Section: Effects Of Park Age On the Soil Biotamentioning

confidence: 78%

Soil biota in boreal urban greenspace: Responses to plant type and age

Francini

Hui

Jumpponen

et al. 2018

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…This or some other unknown factor may have altered humus quality at the more polluted sites in Oulu, also. Ligninolytic activity was not measured in this study, but cellulolytic activity was retarded at the polluted sites [30]. Some factor in the polluted humus increased the peroxidase activity in the roots of pine seedlings in a laboratory experiment [16].…”

Section: Only a Few Microorganisms Can Be Expected To Benefit From S mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest sites lie along a sulphur and nitrogen concentration gradient in the mor humus ranging from 1.6 to 3.9 mg S g-1 organic matter (OM) and from 14 to 23 mg N g-~OM. A number of biological parameters have decreased along this gradient, e.g., soil respiration rate [25,26,28] and cellulolytic activity [31], mycorrhizal infection of pine roots, diversity and sporophore production of mycorrhizal fungi [25,28], and the number of enchytraeids and acarics [30]. The activity of peroxidase enzymes in pine roots has correspondingly increased, presumably indicating pollution stress [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of organic matter along a pollution gradient: Application of odum's theory of ecosystem energetics

Ohtonen

1994

Microb Ecol

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Forest soil biology in Scots pine forests of the Empetrum-Vaccinium type was studied around the industrialized city of Oulu, northern Finland since 1987. The forest sites lie along a sulphur and nitrogen concentration gradient in the mor humus ranging from 1.6 to 3.9 mg S g(-1) organic matter (OM) and from 14 to 23 mg N g(-1) OM. A number of biological parameters have earlier been found to vary along this gradient, thus indicating that the ecosystems are subjected to a pollution stress. Total microbial biomass and various activity parameters were studied in 1991. The different methods are discussed and the results interpreted within the light of Odum's theory of the energetic stabilization of ecosystems. Microbial biomass C determined by the fumigation-extraction (FE) technique varied from 5 to 10 mg g(-)OM, N from 0.5 to 1.0 mg g(-1)OM, and basal respiration rate from 0.040 to 0.097 mg CO2 h(-1) g(-1)OM. All decreased along the pollution gradient. Substrate induced respiration values (SIR) varied from 0.025 to 0.085 mg CO2-C h(-1) g(-1)dw. SIR correlated well with the biomass values determined by the FE technique. The lag time of the microbial community after glucose addition (varying from 13 to 22 h) was shortened and the specific respiration increment of the microbial community in response to glucose addition increased along the gradient. The metabolic quotient (respiration/biomass) of the microflora strongly depended on the technique and equation used in calculating the microbial biomass. The results show a reduced biomass, but a more intensive regeneration and intensified activity per biomass unit of microorganisms in polluted forest soil. This in turn denotes an alteration in the microbial community in favor of a higher proportion of r-strategists under the disturbed conditions. In contrast, K-strategists may be more dominant under less polluted conditions. This interpretation is presented with some reservations concerning methodology. There is a need for the calibration of each method for determining microbial biomass in different types of soil.

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“…Studies using urban gradient approaches report that nematode species richness may be unaffected by urbanization (Pavao‐Zuckerman and Coleman, 2007), but there is a turnover of species along urbanization gradients that reduces nematode functional diversity in response to local land management (Pavao‐Zuckerman and Coleman, 2007; Li et al, 2011). Nematode community assemblages are responsive to soil water content and availability (Pavao‐Zuckerman and Coleman, 2007; Amossé et al, 2016), atmospheric deposition, and heavy metal contamination (Ohtonen et al, 1992; Pouyat et al, 1994; Pen‐Mouratov et al, 2010). Nematode community indices identify and reflect soil quality improvements for agricultural production in urban garden and vacant lot settings (Grewal et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode Community Response to Green Infrastructure Design in a Semiarid City

Pavao-Zuckerman

Sookhdeo

2017

J of Env Quality

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Urbanization affects ecosystem function and environmental quality through shifts in ecosystem fluxes that are brought on by features of the built environment. Green infrastructure (GI) has been suggested as a best management practice (BMP) to address urban hydrologic and ecological impacts of the built environment, but GI practice has only been studied from a limited set of climatic conditions and disciplinary approaches. Here, we evaluate GI features in a semiarid city from the perspective of soil ecology through the application of soil nematode community analysis. This study was conducted to investigate soil ecological interactions in small-scale GI as a means of assessing curb-cut rain garden basin design in a semiarid city. We looked at the choice of mulching approaches (organic vs. rock) and how this design choice affects the soil ecology of rain basins in Tucson, AZ. We sampled soils during the monsoon rain season and assessed the soil nematode community as a bioindicator of soil quality and biogeochemical processes. We found that the use of organic mulch in GI basins promotes enhanced soil organic matter contents and larger nematode populations. Nematode community indices point to enhanced food web structure in streetscape rain garden basins that are mulched with organic material. Results from this study suggest that soil management practices for GI can help promote ecological interactions and ecosystem services in urban ecosystems.

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Enchytraeid and nematode numbers in urban, polluted Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in relation to other soil biological parameters

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Soil biota in boreal urban greenspace: Responses to plant type and age

Soil biota in boreal urban greenspace: Responses to plant type and age

Accumulation of organic matter along a pollution gradient: Application of odum's theory of ecosystem energetics

Nematode Community Response to Green Infrastructure Design in a Semiarid City

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