Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient

Haddad, Sara; Tayyar, Ralph; Risch, L.; Churchill, Gregory; Fares, Elie-Jacques; Choe, Michael Sung Pil; Montemuro, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00814

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Haddad et al, reported encephalopathy and seizure activity in a patient with controlled HIV on day 8 of their symptoms with COVID-19. This was not seen in any other studies, and the patient made a full recovery [16]. The other studies included in our review all reported that symptoms of COVID-19, such as cough, fever, malaise and breathlessness, in PLHIV were not dissimilar to the normal population [15].…”

Section: Controlled Hiv Infection (Undetectable Viral Load and Normalmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…We found a disparity in methods of COVID-19 diagnosis between studies. In six studies, SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [16][17][18][19][20]22], and in two studies COVID-19 was diagnosed using CT thorax findings [17,21].In order to ensure that the diagnosis of COVID-19 is correct and other differential diagnosis are ruled out , we suggest that future studies reporting detection of the virus should use a consistent method of diagnosising COVID-19. Also, other causes of pneumonia should be screened for and ruled out to ensure that data are accurate both to confirm the causative agent and to identify any coinfection that may exacerbate symptoms and severity of COVID-19.…”

Section: Confirmation Of Covid-19 Differential Diagnosis and Coinfecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Objectives The aim of the study was to systematically review current studies reporting on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Methods We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Global Health, SCOPUS, Medline and EMBASE using pertinent key words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms relating to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and HIV. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Articles are summarized in relevant sections. Results Two hundred and eighty‐five articles were identified after duplicates had been removed. After screening, eight studies were analysed, totalling 70 HIV‐infected patients (57 without AIDS and 13 with AIDS). Three themes were identified: (1) controlled HIV infection does not appear to result in poorer COVID‐19 outcomes, (2) more data are needed to determine COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with AIDS and (3) HIV‐infected patients presenting with COVID‐19 symptoms should be investigated for superinfections. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PLHIV with well‐controlled disease are not at risk of poorer COVID‐19 disease outcomes than the general population. It is not clear whether those with poorly controlled HIV disease and AIDS have poorer outcomes. Superimposed bacterial pneumonia may be a risk factor for more severe COVID‐19 but further research is urgently needed to elucidate whether PLHIV are more at risk than the general population.

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Section: Controlled Hiv Infection (Undetectable Viral Load and Normalmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Confirmation Of Covid-19 Differential Diagnosis and Coinfecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Twenty-eight studies reported seizures in 346 patients with COVID-19. Most reports did not specify the seizure type in 324 patients, while a few studies documented generalized or focal seizures [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], focal or diffuse nonconvulsive status epilepticus [31], seizure-like motor events [22], and non-epileptic convulsive syncope [32] (Table 2). Although COVID-19 patients may present seizures due to hypoxia, metabolic derangements, organ failure, or cerebral damage [33], SARS-CoV-2 systemic infection per se represents a minimal risk for seizures during acute illness [34].…”

Section: Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encephalopathy may appear as the predominant disorder at the initial presentation of COVID-19, although most cases rarely progress to severe encephalopathy [27]. [35,53].…”

Section: Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

Guerrero

Barragán

Martinez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system's involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19.Results: A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system's involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5% to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions: Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19's CNS and PNS involvement and generate strategies for therapeutic decision-making.Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193140), July 24, 2020.

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“…11 Otro reporte de caso describe un EEG con enlentecimiento difuso sin actividad epiléptica en un paciente VIH positivo con encefalopatía que cursó con crisis tónico clónicas. 12 Finalmente, una serie de casos en la que se describieron los hallazgos de 22 pacientes COVID-19 positivos y se compararon con seis COVID-19 negativos realizados con un montaje simplificado de ocho electrodos, ellos encontraron como principal indicación de EEG la encefalopatía además de describir un incremento en la presencia de descargas epileptiformes principalmente como ondas agudas frontales. 13 Ante la poca evidencia disponible, es importante reportar todo registro que sume información sobre esta enfermedad y su repercusión al SNC.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Hallazgos electroencefalográficos en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

Shkurovich-Bialik¹,

Evangelio-Miranda²,

Maldonado-Torres³

2020

Anales Médicos De La Asociación Médica Del Centro Médico ABC

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Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review

Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

Hallazgos electroencefalográficos en pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

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