Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 in a 13-year-old girl: A case report

Conto-Palomino, Nadin Melina; Cabrera-Bueno, María Luz; Vargas-Ponce, Kenneth G.; Rondón-Abuhadba, Evelina Andrea; Atamari‐Anahui, Noé

doi:10.5867/medwave.2020.07.7984

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The few publications from Peru to-date are isolated case reports on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 [ [17] , [18] , [19] ], but no observational studies have been published. International efforts to collect standardized data across the globe on neurological symptoms and syndromes associated with COVID-19 are underway [ 20 , 21 ], however, more research is needed to determine the regional burden of neurological illness using concerted reporting efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological manifestations of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru

et al. 2021

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Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of the most common neurological manifestations in Peruvian patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods We conducted a single-center prospective, cross-sectional study at an isolation center functioning as a public acute-care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, the capital city of Peru. This was a convenience sample of patients with acute COVID-19 infection and mild-to-moderate respiratory symptoms who presented for hospital admission between September 25 and November 25, 2020. We interviewed participants and collected demographic, medical history and clinical presentation data; all participants underwent a complete physical and neurological examination. Descriptive statistics and prevalence ratios (PR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p -values were calculated to explore between-groups differences. Results Of 199 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 enrolled in this study, 83% presented with at least one neurological symptom (mean symptom duration 8 +/− 6 days). The most common neurological symptoms were headache (72%), hypogeusia or ageusia (41%), hyposmia or anosmia (40%) and dizziness (34%). Only 2.5% of the cohort had an abnormal neurological examination. The majority (42%) had no prior comorbidities. Presence of at least 1 neurological symptom was independently associated with fever, dyspnea, cough, poor appetite, sore throat, chest tightness or diarrhea, but not with comorbid conditions. Conclusions This cross-sectional study found that headaches, and smell and taste dysfunction are common among patients presenting with mild-to-moderate acute COVID-19 in Lima, Peru. International longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term neurological sequelae of COVID-19 during the acute and post-infectious period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological manifestations of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru

et al. 2021

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“…Most of the patients are alive except for three patients. All three deaths can be explained by critical presentation, complications of surgery while, and cardiopulmonary arrest (40)(41)(42). Increased C-reactive protein, D-dimer levels, creatinine kinase, ferritin, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and decreased lymphocytes may portend poorer prognosis and hence leading to increased severity of disease and mortality (14,43,44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Neurological Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Workups in Pediatric COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Octavius

Chandra

Wijaya

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background While numerous studies report neurological manifestations of COVID-19, there are fewer reviews in the pediatric population, focusing solely on the manifestations.Aim This systematic review aims to describe the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of pediatric patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19.Methods We searched Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline, Scielo, Medrxiv, Research Square, SSRN, and Biorxiv with the appropriate keywords. Inclusion criteria include new-onset neurological manifestations with a time correlation to the confirmed COVID-19 with a further diagnostic work-up. We use The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) essential evaluation checklist and Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) to evaluate the quality of the studies. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in The international Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) database (CRD42021228671).Results 31 articles were ultimately chosen with 42 patients (26 male) included in this systematic review. The neurological diagnosis was mostly of the CNS classification (38/42) with a predomination of brain disorders (22/38). Most patients had lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, creatinine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In the CNS group, CSF monocytes (55%; 11–80%), CSF polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (15%; 0–96%), CSF red blood cells (282 cells/mm3; 2-4000 cells/mm3), and opening pressure (34.5 cm/H2O; 25–100 cm/H2O) were elevated.Conclusions Our systematic review found that neurological manifestations in COVID-19 occurred more often in males, with a majority being CNS disorders. A majority had a favorable outcome. More studies are needed in order to elucidate the viral mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF.

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“…124 A case report in Peru of a 13-year-old girl with encephalitis and COVID-19 serological diagnosis presented an unfavorable clinical evolution despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and corticosteroids, dying on the third day of hospitalization. 125 This published case report accompanied by the observed lack of efficacy and increased risk triggered that ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin were removed from the official COVID-19 treatment in Peru. 126…”

Section: Prescription Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), herbal, and other treatments and preventive uses for COVID-19

Yáñez

Chung

Román

et al. 2021

Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19 )

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Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 in a 13-year-old girl: A case report

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Neurological manifestations of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru

Neurological manifestations of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru

Analysis of Neurological Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Workups in Pediatric COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), herbal, and other treatments and preventive uses for COVID-19

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