Encéphalisation Et Niveau Évolutif Chez Les Simiens

Bauchot, Roland; Stephan, H.

doi:10.1515/mamm.1969.33.2.225

Cited by 125 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We therefore conclude that the correction formula of Brain Mass = ECV*1.036g/cc (the density of fresh brain tissue, Stephan, 1960) would be sufficient for comparative analyses, and may even be unnecessary given the uncertainties of brain mass recordings. Because brain mass is influenced by preservation techniques (e.g., storage in formalin increases apparent brain mass, whereas alcohol decreases apparent brain mass; Bauchot and Stephan, 1969), ECV might provide a more reliable estimate of the actual brain size of an individual during its lifetime. This conclusion is probably most applicable for species from the same mammalian order, in which the cranial cavity is filled to a similar extent by brain tissue.…”

Section: A) Relationship Between Endocranial Volume and Brain Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocranial volumes of primate species: scaling analyses using a comprehensive and reliable data set

Isler

Kirk

Miller

et al. 2008

Journal of Human Evolution

272

289

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We present a compilation of endocranial volumes (ECV) for 176 non-human primate species, based on individual data collected from 3813 museum specimens, at least 88% being wild-caught. In combination with body mass data from wild individuals, strong correlations between endocranial volume and body mass within taxonomic groups were found. Errors attributable to different techniques for measuring cranial capacity were negligible and unbiased. The overall slopes for regressions of log ECV on log body mass in primates are 0.773 for least-squares regression and 0.793 for reduced major axis regression. The leastsquares slope is reduced to 0.565 when independent contrasts are substituted for species means (branch lengths from molecular studies). A common slope of 0.646 is obtained with logged species means when grade shifts between major groups are taken into account using ANCOVA. In addition to providing a comprehensive and reliable database for comparative analyses of primate brain size, we show that the scaling relationship between brain mass and ECV does not differ significantly from isometry in primates. We also demonstrate that ECV does not differ substantially between captive and wild samples of the same species. ECV may be a more reliable indicator of brain size than brain mass, because considerably larger samples can be collected to better represent the full range of intraspecific variation. We also provide support for the maternal energy hypothesis by showing that BMR and gestation period are both positively correlated with brain size in primates, after controlling for the influence of body mass and potential effects of phylogenetic relatedness.

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Section: A) Relationship Between Endocranial Volume and Brain Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocranial volumes of primate species: scaling analyses using a comprehensive and reliable data set

Isler

Kirk

Miller

et al. 2008

Journal of Human Evolution

272

289

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Measurements of brain and body mass were taken as means from Bauchot & Stephan (1966, 1969, supplemented with additional unpublished data provided by Dr H. Stephan. This data set contains information on more than 500 individuals of 81 species.…”

Section: (C) Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alternative estimates were compiled from Plavcan & Van Schaik (1997, ¢rst value in their Appendix A) and, secondarily, from Smith & Jungers (1997, ¢rst value in their table 5). These sources reported data almost exclusively from wild specimens and, in the few cases where data was reported from captive specimens, there was no indication that these specimens were also included in the data sets of Bauchot & Stephan (1966, 1969 or H. Stephan (unpublished data). In the case of the sportive lemur Lepilemur mustelinus, we found no alternative estimate and therefore used the original information even in alternative tests.…”

Section: (D) Statistical Procedures Confounding Variables Assumptiomentioning

confidence: 99%

How quickly do brains catch up with bodies? A comparative method for detecting evolutionary lag

Deaner

Nunn

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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A trait may be at odds with theoretical expectation because it is still in the process of responding to a recent selective force. Such a situation can be termed evolutionary lag. Although many cases of evolutionary lag have been suggested, almost all of the arguments have focused on trait ¢tness. An alternative approach is to examine the prediction that trait expression is a function of the time over which the trait could evolve. Here we present a phylogenetic comparative method for using this`time' approach and we apply the method to a long-standing lag hypothesis: evolutionary changes in brain size lag behind evolutionary changes in body size. We tested the prediction in primates that brain mass contrast residuals, calculated from a regression of pairwise brain mass contrasts on positive pairwise body mass contrasts, are correlated with the time since the paired species diverged. Contrary to the brain size lag hypothesis, time since divergence was not signi¢cantly correlated with brain mass contrast residuals. We found the same result when we accounted for socioecology, used alternative body mass estimates and used male rather than female values. These tests do not support the brain size lag hypothesis. Therefore, body mass need not be viewed as a suspect variable in comparative neuroanatomical studies and relative brain size should not be used to infer recent evolutionary changes in body size.

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“…There is a large body of data from numerous studies in which EQ (and related brain size indices) in primates and other terrestrial mammals was examined [Bauchot and Stephan, 1969;Passingham, 1975;Wilson, 1978, 1981;Holloway, 1980;Mace et al, 1980;Bronson, 1981;Martin, 1981;Stephan et al, 1981;Hofman, 1982;Armstrong, 1982Armstrong, , 1983Armstrong, , 1985McNab and Eisenberg, 1989]. Nevertheless, there have been few studies of brain size in what is arguably the only other mammalian order that is as behaviorally complex as primates, viz., the cetaceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Encephalization between Odontocete Cetaceans and Anthropoid Primates

Marino¹

1998

Brain Behav Evol

212

221

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There have been very few studies of brain size and encephalization in cetaceans and essentially none that have made direct quantitative comparisons of cetaceans and another mammalian group using large normative samples. In the present study two different measures of encephalization were calculated and used to rank and compare 21 odontocete species and 60 anthropoid primate species. Comparisons were made both within and between the two groups. Results show that the encephalization level of Homo sapiens is still extraordinary relative to that of nonhuman species. Nevertheless, a subset of delphinid odontocetes are significantly more highly encephalized than the most highly encephalized anthropoid primates and narrow the gap in encephalization between humans and nonhumans substantially. These findings may have implications for comparative models of the relative importance of brain size versus brain organization for the evolution of intelligence.

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Encéphalisation Et Niveau Évolutif Chez Les Simiens

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Endocranial volumes of primate species: scaling analyses using a comprehensive and reliable data set

Endocranial volumes of primate species: scaling analyses using a comprehensive and reliable data set

How quickly do brains catch up with bodies? A comparative method for detecting evolutionary lag

A Comparison of Encephalization between Odontocete Cetaceans and Anthropoid Primates

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