“…This technology can embed compounds and protect these ingredients against deterioration, volatile losses, or premature interaction with other ingredients [14]. In special, different research groups have investigated the utilization of essential oils or antioxidant agents encapsulation using different materials, such as chitosan nanoparticles [31,32], jelly-alginates complex microparticles [33], casein micelles [34] and β-cyclodextrin [27].…”
In the present work, microwave extraction conditions to recover high eugenol content in the crude extract from clove were investigated. The effect of factors like temperature, stirring, time, liquid: Solid ratio and solutions of solvent were evaluated with Taguchi's method. The eugenol content was determined by gas chromatography. From the isolated eugenol, the bis-phenol was synthesized by the dimerization of eugenol. The encapsulation of bis-eugenol on the mesoporous silica was carried out by a microwave assisted process. Previously, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using Pluronic P123 triblock copolymer as a surfactant. The bis-eugenol
“…This technology can embed compounds and protect these ingredients against deterioration, volatile losses, or premature interaction with other ingredients [14]. In special, different research groups have investigated the utilization of essential oils or antioxidant agents encapsulation using different materials, such as chitosan nanoparticles [31,32], jelly-alginates complex microparticles [33], casein micelles [34] and β-cyclodextrin [27].…”
In the present work, microwave extraction conditions to recover high eugenol content in the crude extract from clove were investigated. The effect of factors like temperature, stirring, time, liquid: Solid ratio and solutions of solvent were evaluated with Taguchi's method. The eugenol content was determined by gas chromatography. From the isolated eugenol, the bis-phenol was synthesized by the dimerization of eugenol. The encapsulation of bis-eugenol on the mesoporous silica was carried out by a microwave assisted process. Previously, mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using Pluronic P123 triblock copolymer as a surfactant. The bis-eugenol
“…The casein was stored in the refrigerator before used. Prior to the dry casein weight analysis, the casein was dried using a freeze dryer [31].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nano-ECB and ECB Suspensions Preparation. The protocols of nano-ECB synthesis was published separately [31]. The size of synthesized nano-ECB was 179.8 ± 42.4 nm (analyzed by SEM) with an eugenol content of approximately 2.40% m/v.…”
The concern against long-term health and environmental adverse effects of synthetic pesticides has encouraged the development of biopesticides. Eugenol, a major constituent of clove oil, has been proven as potential bio-pesticides. However, the evaporation and photosensitive properties of Eugenol need to be controlled. Nano-encapsulation is a promising method that can preserve eugenol from evaporating and photodegradation. This study aims to investigate the production of a controlled-release of eugenol in casein micelle as well as the effects of nano-encapsulation on Eugenol Containing Biopesticide (ECB) toxicity against Artemia salina sp. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was implemented to investigate effect of nano-encapsulation on ECB and the Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the formula to investigate the production of a controlled-release of eugenol. The optimum condition revealed loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency response for 64.67% and 79.64%, respectively. The average diameter of the obtained nanocapsule-eugenol (NCE) was 179.83 nm. Release study was performed at 40 °C that represent as pesticide applied in farm, revealed that casein micelle capsule could delayed the release of eugenol. A cytotoxicity assay showed that the NCE has 21 times more effective compared with eugenol only. It was found that nano encapsulated ECB was statistically more toxic than ECB-suspension (without nanoencapsulation) with a confidence level of 95%. Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of nano-ECB was 0.264 µg/L while LC50 of ECB-suspension was 4.445 µg/L. The increase of toxic properties after nano-encapsulation by casein could be explained by the increase of eugenol stability. Thus nano-encapsulation can be proposed as a method for improving the bio-pesticide ability of eugenol.
“…7,17,18 NaCas is an attractive carrier that has been used for the delivery of poorly water soluble natural ingredients such as folic acid, quercetin, naringenin, curcumin, vitamin D, sesamol, curcumin, quercetin, and eugenol. 13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Recently, we successfully obtained sodium caseinatemaltodextrin nanocomplex nanocarriers loaded with propolis extract (PE). 27 In this context, the major purposes of this work were to design…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As an aqueous‐soluble biopolymer with randomly coiled structure and unique self‐binding character, NaCas hosts both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, making it a valid carrier to encapsulate an extensive variety of bioactive agents 7,17,18 . NaCas is an attractive carrier that has been used for the delivery of poorly water soluble natural ingredients such as folic acid, quercetin, naringenin, curcumin, vitamin D, sesamol, curcumin, quercetin, and eugenol 13,19–26 . Recently, we successfully obtained sodium caseinate‐maltodextrin nanocomplex nanocarriers loaded with propolis extract (PE) 27 .…”
BackgroundPropolis exhibits multiple biological and pharmacological properties attributed to the presence of natural bio active compounds. In spite of its potential healthy effects, its use in health‐food and pharmaceutical products is very restricted due to its intense aroma, highly unstable, low aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. The purpose of this study is to fabricate an appropriate, stable, and biodegradable casein‐based nanocarrier as propolis delivery system. Propolis‐loaded casein nanocarriers were prepared at different propolis extract/caseinate ratio and assessed for physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties.ResultsThe nanocarriers showed an increase of particle size augmenting propolis extract/caseinate ratio and caseinate concentration. Image processing studies revealed an increase in L* parameter (89.743), while b* parameter revealed a reduction in the yellow color (14.655) increasing the amount propolis extract in the nanocarrier. Surface photomicrographs evidenced that an increment of propolis extract decreased the network compactness of the nanocarriers correlated with the lower entrapment of propolis extract into carriers at higher propolis extract/caseinate ratio. X‐ray diffraction pattern suggested that propolis encapsulation produced a decrement in the caseinate crystallinity while differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis thermograms evidenced an increment of thermal stability of nanocarrier with increasing propolis extract content.ConclusionPropolis extract encapsulated within casein nanocarriers represented convenient physicochemical attributes and could provide as bioactive load in food/medical system.
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