Encapsulation of complex extracts inβ-cyclodextrin: An application to propolis ethanolic extract

Abstract

Propolis ethanolic extracts (PE) are rather complicated mixtures of bioactive compounds belonging to several chemical classes. The potential use of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) cavity for the incorporation of specific PE components, aiming to increase their solubility in water, was studied in a Greek propolis, which was rich in polyphenols and terpenes. The PE/beta-CD inclusion complexes were prepared by sonication of PE suspensions in aqueous solutions of beta-CD, followed by filtration and freeze-drying. The aqueous solubility of PE in the presence of beta-CD was studied by the construction of solubility diagrams and by determining the fraction of PE constituents that was dissolved in water. Encapsulation efficiencies were found to be higher (9.4-23.3%) for relatively small aromatic molecules like cinnamic and benzoic acid derivatives and lower for terpenic acids (5.0-6.7%), anthraquinones (3.6-8.4%) and flavonoids (4.0-10.7%). The respective in vitro solubilities in simulated gastric fluid followed an opposite trend, being lower for the relatively small aromatic molecules. It is concluded that the encapsulation in beta-CD may increase the solubility of PE constituents in a manner related to their structure, while the amount of substances released will depend both on their chemical properties and on their relative abundance in the matrix.

Effects of Encapsulated Propolis on Blood Glycemic Control, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

“…Encapsulated propolis was prepared according to a published technical [22] with minor modifications: raw propolis was pulverized in a mill then extracted with 80% ethanol to prepare a 1% ethanol extracts of propolis(EEP), 1% EEP was stirred into 5% beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, and the mixed liquor was sonicated for 15 min at 25 kHz; after being sonicated, the sample was rotary evaporated to remove the ethanol, and spray-drying technique was used to obtain the encapsulated propolis. Encapsulated propolis used in this study possesses a grain size about 210 nm with 98.82% encapsulation rate and 29.65% drug-loading rate of EEP and showed a strong dissolubility in water.…”

“…However, as propolis is a strongly adhesive, resinous mixture of insoluble or slightly soluble substances with bitter taste, the application of propolis as a health-promoting agent has been limited [21]. To improve the solubility and bioavailability of propolis, an encapsulation techniane has been used [22]. In this study, we explored the effects of encapsulated propolis on the metabolic and insulin-resistance state of type 2 diabetic rats.…”

GC for flavonoids analysis: Past, current, and prospective trends

“…Among the reviewed flavanones, naringenin and hesperetin were the two most widely studied flavanones by using GC, while eriodictyol and isosakuranetin were often at trace levels. Meanwhile, the analysis of pinocembrin and pinobanksin were limited to propolis samples . Although these flavanones are well recognized as citrus fruit flavonoids, only one publication was retrieved for GC analysis since 2001 .…”

A green a natural method for removing of nitride from light oil by a#946;-Cyclodextrin aqueous solution through molecular recognition

“…The thermodynamic parameters were negative (ΔG298.15K = -13.71 kJ· mol -1 , ΔH = -35.23 kJ· mol -1 , ΔS = -72.08 J mol -1 ·K -1 ), which indicated that the inclusion processe was spontaneously endothermic and controlled by enthalpy. The negative ΔH values suggested that Van der Waals's force and electrostatic interactions were more important than hydrophobic interactions [9].…”