Encapsulation and networking of silicon nanoparticles using amorphous carbon and graphite for high performance Li-ion batteries

Parekh, Mihit H.; Parikh, Vihang P.; Kim, Patrick; Misra, S. C. K.; Qi, Zhimin; Wang, Haiyan; Pol, Vilas G.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.03.037

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were carried out between 0.01 and 2.0 V at 0.1 mV s −1 and 1 to 10 MHz at 25 °C, respectively. 2020, 10,1902799 at 0.25 and 0.48 V. Notably, during the reduction process the active species response for Si and graphite, merged together and revealed itself as a single reduction peak at 0.16 V. The formation of the solid electrolyte interface also occurs gradually, with a shoulder developing from 0.12 to 0.35 V. [23,24,32] Since Si-NPs are coated with a network of carbon, there are no sharp SEI peaks at 0.4 V, implying there is suppressed SEI formation on this novel composite anode. Numerous scientific reports reveal delithiation of Si happens via two peaks below 0.5 V. [23,30,31] Here, two characteristic peaks are observed Adv.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Tailored Composite Gcsi Amentioning

confidence: 98%

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In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Parekh

Sediako

Naseri

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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understanding of the material synthesis/ fabrication, interfacial behavior, and thermal-chemical stabilities are vital. [3] With electronic appliances requiring stable voltage delivery, the current LIBs employ graphite or mixtures with soft carbons (carbon black) to achieve stable performance at discharge curves. [4] Since 1991, various forms of ordered and disordered (i.e., soft and hard) carbon have been primarily used as anode materials. [5] With graphitic carbon, a compromise was identified, which delivered a theoretical maximum capacity of 372 mAh g −1 , while maintaining stability and cycling characteristics. This stability comes at a cost of battery capacity, as it takes six carbon atoms to bind a single lithium ion (LiC 6 ) during charging process. [6] By contrast, alternative anode materials such as silicon, can bind about four lithium atoms (SiLi 4.4 ), improving energy densities by an order of magnitude. [7] Silicon anodes have garnered huge attention as they provide over ten times more theoretical capacity (3579 mAh g −1 ) than graphite anode. Problematically, the intercalated Si, Li 3.75 Si, swells in volume by about 320% during charging. Such huge volumetric expansion causes large material stresses, resulting in anode cracking, fracturing, loss of electrical contact (delamination), unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and even catastrophic cell failure. [8][9][10][11] Naturally, this is unacceptable for practical and industrial applications. To overcome the capacity limitations of carbon, and the mechanical limitations of silicon, manufacturers have moved into composite materials-with the primary structure consisting of graphitic carbon, with silicon nanoparticles implanted within. First reported by Yoshio and co-workers in 2002, the C/Si composites did improve capacity, but the silicon nanoparticles were difficult to merge with the carbon bulk. [12,13] After repeated cycling, it was found that the particles separate and capacity drops. [14] Li et al. reported fabrication of graphite-Si composite using polymer blends of poly(diallyl dimethyl-ammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) to obtain capacity of 450 mAh g −1 with 95% capacity retention after 200 cycles. [15] Zhang et al. prepared core-shell structure (Si@C) using silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) and emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile, followed by pyrolysis. [16] The composite [15] retained A composite anode material synthesized using silicon nanoparticles, micrometer sized graphite particles, and starch-derived amorphous carbon (GCSi) offers scalability and enhanced electrochemical performance when compared to existing graphite anodes. Mechanistic elucidation of the formation steps of tailored GCSi composite are achieved with environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and thermal safety aspects of the composite anode are studied for the first time using specially designed multimode calorimetry for coin cell studies. Electrochemical analysis of the composite anode demonstrates a high initial discharge capaci...

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Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Tailored Composite Gcsi Amentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[24] To date however, the mechanistic elucidation of GCSi formation as a function of increasing temperature during synthesis remains unknown. [24] To date however, the mechanistic elucidation of GCSi formation as a function of increasing temperature during synthesis remains unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Parekh

Sediako

Naseri

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[ 3 ] One of the main obstacles is the low theoretical capacity (372 mAh g −1 ) of traditional graphite anode. [ 4 ] To surpass the existing energy density limit, alternative electrode materials such as tin/silicon‐based materials and transition‐metal oxides (TMOs) have been widely developed. [ 5 ] Among them, the manganous‐manganic oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) stands out with its inherently high theoretical capacity (≈937 mAh g −1 ), abundant in natural resources, low cost, and environmentally benign characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yolk‐Shell Structured C/Mn₃O₄ Microspheres Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Energy Tech

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To solve the problem associated with the huge volume change and low conductivity of Mn3O4, a novel C/Mn3O4 microsphere with Mn3O4 layer and void space sandwiched by nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) is designed and fabricated. In this composite, the NC is obtained from the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and polydopamine (PDA). The preparation process is facile and effective without additional templates or redox solvents introduced. When used as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the C/Mn3O4 composite incorporates the metrics of N‐doping, yolk‐shell structure, double carbon layer, mesoporous Mn3O4, showing an outstanding lithium storage of ≈1015.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 in the 250th cycle, high cycling stability (without clear capacity decay after 400 cycles), and excellent rate capability (capacity can fully recover as the current density returns back to the initial value of 0.2 A g−1). The yolk‐shell structure derived from MOFs can be expanded to fabricate other materials with improved performance.

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“…Meanwhile, there generates severe volume expansion effect (≥300 %) during the charge‐discharge process, which induces a continuous destruction‐reestablishment of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. This vicious conversion not only increases the irreversible consumption of Li + , but also leads to electrode pulverization and capacity decay …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This vicious conversion not only increases the irreversible consumption of Li + , but also leads to electrode pulverization and capacity decay. [15,16] Carbon coating has been reported as an effective approach in fabricating anodes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Well-coated carbon shell or carbon interlayers can act as a conductive framework and electrolyte barrier, [28,29] and it can not only facilitate ion transfer but also restrain the growth of unstable SEI films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of Si@Void@Graphene Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: In Situ Enveloping of Nickel‐Coated Silicon Particles with Graphene

Zhao

Yao

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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In this report, a yolk‐shell‐structured Si/graphene (Si/GR) material has been designed and successfully fabricated as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). With this approach, Si@Ni composite particles were fabricated by electroless deposition of a nickel template directly on silicon; then, three‐dimensional (3D) graphene layers were grown in situ around the composite particles to obtain a Si@Ni@GR structure. After removing the nickel interlayer, some voids were generated between the silicon particles and the graphene layers, thus forming a Si@void@GR structure. The coexistence of voids and the graphene layer may provide a synergistic effect. The voids may reserve space for silicon particles during volume expansion and buffer the mechanical pressure of the graphene layer. Meanwhile, the graphene cover may enhance lithium‐ion transport efficiency and electron transport rate, thereby improving the electrical conductivity of the anode. The well‐coated layers can also prevent the Si particles from being directly exposed to electrolyte, which can promote the formation of a stable SEI film and reduce the irreversible consumption of Li+. Therefore, such unique yolk‐shell structures offer the resultant Si@void@GR electrode a high reversible discharge capacity (1595 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1) and the capacity to deliver a discharge capacity of 990 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 4.8 A g−1.

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Encapsulation and networking of silicon nanoparticles using amorphous carbon and graphite for high performance Li-ion batteries

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Yolk‐Shell Structured C/Mn₃O₄ Microspheres Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

Assembly of Si@Void@Graphene Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: In Situ Enveloping of Nickel‐Coated Silicon Particles with Graphene

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Encapsulation and networking of silicon nanoparticles using amorphous carbon and graphite for high performance Li-ion batteries

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

In Situ Mechanistic Elucidation of Superior Si‐C‐Graphite Li‐Ion Battery Anode Formation with Thermal Safety Aspects

Yolk‐Shell Structured C/Mn3O4 Microspheres Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

Assembly of Si@Void@Graphene Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: In Situ Enveloping of Nickel‐Coated Silicon Particles with Graphene

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Yolk‐Shell Structured C/Mn₃O₄ Microspheres Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance