Encapsulating MnSe Nanoparticles Inside 3D Hierarchical Carbon Frameworks with Lithium Storage Boosted by in Situ Electrochemical Phase Transformation

Abstract

Electrode materials that act through the electrochemical conversion mechanism, such as metal selenides, have been considered as promising anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), although their fast capacity attenuation and inadequate electrical conductivity are impeding their practical application. In this work, these issues are addressed through the efficient fabrication of MnSe nanoparticles inside porous carbon hierarchical architectures for evaluation as anode materials for LIBs. Density functional theory simulations indicate that there is a completely irreversible phase transformation during the initial cycle, and the high structural reversibility of β-MnSe provides a low energy barrier for the diffusion of lithium ions. Electron localization function calculations demonstrate that the phase transformation leads to high charge transfer kinetics and a favorable lithium ion diffusion coefficient. Benefitting from the phase transformation and unique structural engineering, the MnSe/C chestnut-like structures with boosted conductivity deliver enhanced lithium storage performance (885 mA h g–1 at a current density of 0.2 A g–1 after 200 cycles), superior cycling stability (a capacity of 880 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1 after 1000 cycles), and outstanding rate performance (416 mA h g–1 at 2 A g–1).

Hybrid ZnSe‐SnSe2 Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐doped Carbon Nanocube Heterostructures with Enhanced and Ultra‐stable Lithium‐Storage Performance

“…The relative larger diffusion coefficient demonstrates outstanding Liion diffusion ability of uniform ZSS�NCNs in the hybrid stepby-step lithiation/delithiation processes due to the high surface are, hybrid heterostructure and good electrochemical conductivity of the thin carbon shell. [59,60] Furtherly, the relevant electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the uniform ZSS�NCNs at different cycles and ZSS without carbon coating electrode were tested to investigate the Li + kinetics. [8,30,34,51] As shown in Figure 8b and Table S2, the resistances of fresh uniform ZSS�NCNs electrode is smaller than ZSS without carbon coating electrode demonstrate the carbon shell and the uniform nanostructure could increase electric conductivity of these electrodes.…”

“…According to the results, the magnitude in uniform ZSS⊂NCNs mainly concentrate to 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 . The relative larger diffusion coefficient demonstrates outstanding Li‐ion diffusion ability of uniform ZSS⊂NCNs in the hybrid step‐by‐step lithiation/delithiation processes due to the high surface are, hybrid heterostructure and good electrochemical conductivity of the thin carbon shell [59,60] . Furtherly, the relevant electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the uniform ZSS⊂NCNs at different cycles and ZSS without carbon coating electrode were tested to investigate the Li + kinetics [8,30,34,51] .…”

Bi2Se3@C Rod-like Architecture with Outstanding Electrochemical Properties in Lithium/Potassium-Ion Batteries

“…The initial reversible charge capacity (642 mA h g –1 ) with the corresponding coulombic efficiency (CE; 68%) of Bi 2 Se 3 @C hierarchical composites was detected. The irreversible specific capacity loss pertains to the generation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and possible electrolyte reduction side reactions. , Figure e displays the cyclic performance of the as-prepared Bi 2 Se 3 @C hierarchical composites and commercial Bi 2 Se 3 electrodes at 0.2 A g –1 from 0.01 to 3 V. The Bi 2 Se 3 @C hierarchical composites represented superior cycle stability during the subsequent cycles and delivered a high specific capacity of 637 mA h g –1 after cycling 200 times, while the capacity for Bi 2 Se 3 electrodes was only maintained at 88 mA h g –1 . Therefore, compared with the commercial Bi 2 Se 3 , the Bi 2 Se 3 @C hierarchical composites demonstrated higher cyclic performance.…”

“…Among all the various anodes previously reported, carbonaceous materials have excellent cycle performance, but they are still plagued by low capacity and poor rate performance in LIBs and KIBs. In this case, researchers have made extensive efforts to explore host materials that can provide high capacities, such as metals based on alloying mechanisms − (Sb and Bi), transition metal chalcogenides based on the conversion process, ,,,, or metal chalcogenide (Sb 2 S 3 and Sb 2 Se 3 ) based on the two-step reaction mechanism, including conversion and alloying reaction. , Bi 2 Se 3 is one of the attractive anode materials for both LIBs and KIBs because it has a suitable theoretical capacity and higher conductivity than oxides or sulfides . However, the volume change of Bi 2 Se 3 during the repeated charging/discharging process is likely to cause rapid capacity decay.…”

Commercialization‐Driven Electrodes Design for Lithium Batteries: Basic Guidance, Opportunities, and Perspectives

“…[98] The hierarchical carbon microstructures have attracted lots of interests as anode materials due to their superior electrical conductivity, short ion diffusion distance, and adjustable surface chemistries for promoting reaction kinetics. [99,100] For example, hierarchical porous carbon microspheres was synthesized via using MgAl-layered double oxides microspheres as both template and carbon source. [86] The abundant porosities and hierarchical structures not only provided fast diffusion channels for ions and electrons, but also facilitated electrolyte penetration.…”