Encapsulated sensory receptors within intraorbital skeletal muscles of a camel

Somatic and intramuscular distribution of muscle spindles and their relation to muscular angiotypes

“…Such a selective and rather concentrated spindle disposition is found in the cat occipitoscapularis, complexus, and rectus capitis major (Richmond and Abrahams, 1975a,b), the cat medial pterygoid, temporalis and masseter (Burhanudin et al, 1996), the rabbit masseter (Bredman et al, 1991), the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi of birds (Gray et al, 1983;Ovalle et al, 1999) and the human masseter (Eriksson and Thornell, 1987). It is worth noting that the spindle preference for muscle territories with oxidative fibers is also true for the extraoccular muscles, where spindles appear in the superficial muscle portions where the few oxidative fibers of these muscles reside (Abuel-Atta et al, 1997;Botterman et al, 1978).…”

Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity

“…The question of extraocular proprioception is also contentious, independent of the function of palisade endings. Both muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the classical muscle proprioceptors, were only found in the extraocular muscles of cloven‐hoofed species such as sheep (Harker, 1972), camel (Abuel‐Atta et al. 1997), pig (Blumer et al.…”

Molecular Characteristics Suggest an Effector Function of Palisade Endings in Extraocular Muscles

“…Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are numerous in the EOMs of even-toed ungulates. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In human EOMs, specifically structured muscle spindles are a regular feature, whereas Golgi tendon organs were reported to be absent. [15][16][17][18][19] In EOMs of cats, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, both muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs were not found.…”