Enantioseparation and thermodynamic study of naphthalene derivatives, new melatoninergic agonists, on coated amylose [tris(S)‐1‐phenylethylcarbamate] stationary phase. Transposition to preparative scale

Abstract

This work reports a high-performance liquid chromatography normal-phase methodology to elucidate enantiomers of naphthalene derivatives, evaluated as melatoninergic agonists. For this purpose four different polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases were evaluated, namely Chiralcel OD-H (cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), Chiralcel OJ (cellulose tris-methylbenzoate), Chiralpak AD (amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and Chiralpak AS (amylose tris-(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate) with different alcoholic modifiers on different amounts in n-heptane. A temperature study was carried out, between 20 and 40 °C and the apparent thermodynamic parameters were calculated thanks to the Van't Hoff linearization. For all compounds (except 3), ΔΔH° and ΔΔS° exhibited positive values ranging from 791.2 to 9999.3 J/mol and from 3.9 to 37.8 J/K/mol respectively, indicating entropically driven separations. Optimized conditions led to goof resolution of 2.37 for compound 1 on Chiralpak AS, with heptane-2-propanol 90:10 (v/v), at a temperature of 30 °C. Then they were transposed to the preparative scale for compound 1, generating 22 mg of each enantiomer with an 80% yield. The limits of detection and of quantification were determined to allow the calculation of the enantiomeric excess. They were found with very low values, equal to 0.32 and 1.05 µ m and 0.33 and 1.11 µ m, respectively, for peaks 1 and 2 of compound 1.

Van't Hoff analysis in chiral chromatography

“…Under such conditions, when a temperature change over the column is comparable to the variation range of preset temperature, the term “column temperature” does not have sense. Although van't Hoff plots can be constructed based on preset temperatures and even be linear , the fitting coefficients obtained from such dependences will have no clear physical meaning. An additional complication comes from the effect of pressure on equilibrium constant.…”