Enantioselective ultra high performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography: The race to the shortest chromatogram

Abstract

The ever-increasing need for enantiomerically pure chiral compounds has greatly expanded the number of enantioselective separation methods available for the precise and accurate measurements of the enantiomeric purity. The introduction of chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography in the last decades has revolutionized the routine methods to determine enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs, agrochemicals, fragrances, and in general of organic and organometallic compounds. In recent years, additional efforts have been placed on faster, enantioselective analytical methods capable to fulfill the high throughput requirements of modern screening procedures. Efforts in this field, capitalizing on improved chromatographic particle technology and dedicated instrumentation, have led to highly efficient separations that are routinely completed on the seconds time scale. An overview of the recent achievements in the field of ultra-high-resolution chromatography on column packed with chiral stationary phases, both based on sub-2 μm fully porous and sub-3 μm superficially porous particles, will be given, with an emphasis on very recent studies on ultrafast chiral separations.

Efficient preparative separation of 6‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone enantiomers on polysaccharide‐based stationary phases in polar organic solvent chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

“…SFC is now well known for its fast analysis and green mobile phase that consists of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and organic modifier (normally <40%) . Thanks to the development of instrumentation and chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in recent years, SFC is becoming the primary method for analytical and preparative separation of enantiomers in the pharmaceutical field .…”

Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis

“…For the sake of completeness, some other chiral UHPLC fast separations are reported in a recent review. 207 Similarly to other modes of chromatography, besides sub-2 μm fully porous particles, sub-3 having a similar content of chiral selector showed a higher efficiency at higher flow rates for the SPP vs. FPP. 208,209 Separations were carried out in the 15-30 s time scale.…”

An LC-MS/MS workflow to characterize 16 regio- and stereoisomeric trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids[S]

“…Due to recent progress in supercritical fluid chromatography systems, this technique is potentially promising for chiral TriHOME analysis and could be a worthwhile approach for future studies. In addition, the development of chiral columns with sub 2 m particle size would increase the efficiency of the separation of the individual isomers and thereby also reduce the required chromatographic cycle time (37,38).…”