Chiral binaphthyl phosphoric acids (CPAs) have been used for the activation of imines through hydrogen-bonding interactions and a range of enantioselective reactions have been developed. [1] Recently, the conjugate base of a CPA has emerged as a chiral counteranion catalyst for asymmetric synthesis, wherein electrostatic interactions are responsible for the high enantioselectivity. This concept has been recognized as a powerful tool, and is termed asymmetric counterion-directed catalysis (ACDC).[2] By using this concept, catalytic reactions which proceed via cationic intermediates can be performed with high enantioselectively by the incorporation of a chiral counteranion into the catalyst. One of the most powerful uses of ACDC involves the incorporation of transition-metal catalysis.[3] The cationic metallic intermediate can form a tight ion pair with the chiral counteranion. Intramolecular cyclization initiated by activation of the alkyne moiety using transition-metal catalysis has been extensively investigated, [4] and cyclized metal-containing intermediates could also be employed for further reactions in a tandem manner. Recently, reactions initiated by alkyne activation, combined with the use of CPA have also been developed. [5] Transition-metal-containing carbonyl ylides are highly reactive intermediates, which are generated by 6-endo-dig cyclization reactions of alkynyl carbonyl compounds. Although the carbonyl ylides are employed for [4+2] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, [6] its application to asymmetric synthesis is limited. As far as we know, Iwasawa and coworkers reported the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of a platinum-carbonyl ylide with vinyl ethers by means of chiral platinum bisphosphine complex, and bicyclic ether structures were efficiently constructed in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. [7] There are no preceding examples for enantiocontrol of the carbonyl ylide intermediate using the ACDC concept, and the development of asymmetric reactions using metal-containing carbonyl ylide intermediates based on the new concept is thus, an important challenge.More recently, Yao and co-workers reported the Pd(OAc) 2 / CPA-catalyzed asymmetric cascade annulation based on an oxa-Diels-Alder cycloaddition using a metal-containing carbonyl ylide intermediate to afford tetrahydronapthalene derivatives with multiple stereogenic centers including quaternary carbon atoms, thus taking advantage of the metallo/ organo binary catalytic methodology. [8] Although a CPA (1)-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of imines using a hydrogen donor has been recently developed by many research groups, [9] the application of this method for ketones, in place of imines, is limited to a few examples.[10] We could view the carbonyl ylide 3 as an easily hydrogenated intermediate, in which the carbonyl oxygen atom would be strongly activated by a vinylic carbocation (Scheme 1). Our approach to achieve asymmetric synthesis of chiral skeletons is based on the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the carbonyl ylide intermed...