Enantioselective effect of glufosinate on the growth of maize seedlings

Abstract

Glufosinate is a non-selective chiral herbicide, which has been used extensively around the world. However, limited information on the enantioselectivity of Racand L-glufosinate against crops. In this study, the enantioselective effects on the growth, antioxidant, and targeted enzyme activities of maize seedlings of chiral glufosinate were investigated. The results showed the enantioselective growth inhibitions were observed at both 1 and 5 mg/L concentration levels. L-Glufosinate induced more growth rate reduction in shoot height and weight compared to Rac-glufosinate. All of the antioxidant enzyme activities increased obviously in the leaves of maize seedlings treated by 1 mg/L of glufosinate. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content induced by L-glufosinate were 1.36, 1.16, 1.51, 1.65, and 1.65 times higher than those by Rac-glufosinate, respectively Notably, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was significantly reduced to 80% and 57% in the control group at 1 mg/L treated with Racand L-glufosinate, respectively. Our results indicated that Racand L-glufosinate showed the obvious enantioselectivity in the growth of maize seedlings, which has shed light on the potential enantioselective phytotoxicity of glufosinate. Data provided here will be helpful to develop the environmentally friendly herbicides.

Application of a Plant Biostimulant To Improve Maize (Zea mays) Tolerance to Metolachlor

“…Plants subjected to abiotic stresses can undergo the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, which is provoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) . Herbicides are well-known to give rise to oxidative perturbations that can increase or decrease enzymatic activities such as catalases , and peroxidases depending on the species .…”

“…Plants subjected to abiotic stresses can undergo the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, which is provoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS). 52 Herbicides are well-known to give rise to oxidative perturbations 53 that can increase or decrease enzymatic activities such as catalases 45,46 and peroxidases depending on the species. 45 For this reason, the content of MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, was investigated in plants treated with metolachlor in combination or not with Megafol, since this parameter is an important indicator of lipid degradation in response to the treatments.…”

Aphid-Triggered Changes in Oxidative Damage Markers of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Lipids in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings

“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the major secondary products of lipid peroxidation of plasma membranes. Despite changes in the content of MDA and/or electrolyte leakage (EL) level in maize tissues in response to a wide range of abiotic stressors (e.g., drought, salinity, waterlogging, low/high temperature, exposure to heavy metals and xenobiotics) have been widely investigated [24,25,26,27], the impact of insect feeding on these oxidative stress markers was not studied in this context. In our study, aphid-induced elevation in MDA content and EL level in both tested maize cultivars was evident.…”

Glufosinate‐ammonium: a review of the current state of knowledge

“…Plants react to the nascent ROS-driven oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase following glufosinate treatment. 59,65 In addition, glufosinate treatment induced the expression of senescence-related transcription factors, involved in other ROS-driven processes such as self-destruction and programmed cell death 66 Thus, glufosinate disrupts the balance between generation and scavenging of ROS. Hydrogen peroxide is partially generated by the glycolate oxidase activity in the peroxisome (Fig.…”

“…Regardless the mechanism by which ROS are formed, the rapid phytotoxicity in glufosinate‐treated plants originates from a massive light‐dependent oxidative stress. Plants react to the nascent ROS‐driven oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase following glufosinate treatment 59, 65 . In addition, glufosinate treatment induced the expression of senescence‐related transcription factors, involved in other ROS‐driven processes such as self‐destruction and programmed cell death 66 Thus, glufosinate disrupts the balance between generation and scavenging of ROS.…”