Enamel

Boyde, A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83496-7_6

Cited by 160 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Lynch et al [57] reported that the width of these bands ranges from 70 to 400 lm, depending on their location in the tooth, with the largest ones being located in the cervical region. The decussation implies a change in orientation of the nanometer-sized enamel crystallites [24]. Thus, Hunter-Schreger bands are prominently visible in the cervical regions in the SAXS data, as can be seen in the images of Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Different reports on the DEJ width show variation in intra-tooth location [20][21][22][23]. Enamel, the outmost part of human tooth crowns and the hardest tissue in the human body, is composed of 92-96 wt% inorganic and approximately 4 wt% of organic substance [24]. The inorganic phases mainly consist of calcium phosphates including carbonated hydroxyapatite and fluoridated hydroxyapatite [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry

et al. 2012

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The anatomy of human teeth reflects its usage. Spatially resolved X-ray scattering permits quantitative studies of the characteristic arrangement of the anisotropic calcium phosphate crystallites and the collagen fibers within the hard tissues of the crown. The present study summarizes the distinctive nanometer-sized anatomical features of the tooth hard tissues including their interface taking advantage of spatially resolved synchrotron radiation-based small-angle X-ray scattering. The comparison of slices from eight teeth indicates a long-range organization of tooth nanostructures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry

et al. 2012

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“…There is considerable overlap in the mineralisation periods of enamel and primary crown dentine and neither tissue subsequently remodels or re-grows. 63,64 Consequently, in modern individuals one can expect the Sr concentration and isotope ratio of these two tissues to remain very similar and this does appear to be the case even in individuals who have subsequently been exposed to different sources of Sr. 64,65 Similarly, archaeological teeth that have not been buried in soil also show this pattern. 26 In teeth excavated from buried sediments, however, dentine usually contains more Sr than does enamel and this increase is normally coupled with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios intermediate between the enamel value and that of the mobile strontium in the burial soil.…”

Section: Sr Isotope Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunal migration in late‐glacial central Italy: implications for human resource exploitation

Pellegrini

Donahue

Chenery³

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The hunter-gatherer transhumance model presents foragers as specialised hunters of migratory ungulates, which moved seasonally between coastal lowlands and interior uplands. We studied six animal teeth of horse (Equus hydruntinus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from four different archaeological sites: the Grotta di Vado all'Arancio, Grotta di Settecannelle, Grotta Polesini and Grotta di Pozzo, in central Italy to test whether the migratory patterns and seasonal variations recorded in their teeth were consistent with expectations of the transhumance model for this region during the late Upper Palaeolithic. Sequential sub-samples of enamel were analysed from each tooth for oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope ratios to reconstruct mobility and yearly seasonal variations. The results show little evidence that these animals were moving over different geological terrains throughout the year, although small variations in Sr isotope ratios and concentrations were detected that corresponded to probable seasonal variations as shown by variability in oxygen isotope sequences. The results do, however, demonstrate that Cervus elaphus and Equus hydruntinus had different ranging behaviours, with the former moving over wider areas than the latter. This methodology produces results appropriate to assess animal migratory behaviour and, in turn, to test the consistency of proposed models of hunter-gatherer subsistence and mobility strategies. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Eurasian hunter-gatherer populations experienced rapid and extreme environmental changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene (ca. 18 000 to 8000 BP). e.g. 1,2 During this period profound socio-economic changes and technological developments took place that culminated with the transition to agriculture. Various models have been applied to explore the relationship between the environment and hunter-gatherer behaviour during the late-glacial in Mediterranean Europe. The hunter-gatherer transhumance model, a variation of the seasonal mobility model originally developed by Higgs, 3,4 presents foragers as specialised hunters of migratory ungulates that moved seasonally between coastal lowlands and interior uplands. In Italy, Barker hypothesised that hunter-gatherers of the late Pleistocene followed seasonally migratory herd species including Cervus elaphus and Equus hydruntinus between the Apennine uplands and the coastal plains. 5,6 These two locations offer seasonally distinct opportunities for grazing species: in winter the mountains are inhospitable and cold while the coastal plains remain grass-covered. In summer, instead, the lowlands are dry with little vegetation and the mountains remain vegetated. These distinctions would have been intensified in the late Pleistocene, and Barker argued that the seasonal climatic variations of this Mediterranean landscape would have suited wild species of grazing herbivores that could migrate between these two regions. 6 Although the hunter-gatherer transhumance model is attractive for various reasons...

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“…Thin sections of teeth prepared for histological analysis, or even polished or naturally fractured surfaces of fossil teeth that are suitable for examination with various kinds of microscopy (figure 1) can be used to reveal these markings in enamel and dentine (Boyde 1989(Boyde , 1990bDean 2000Dean , 2006Lacruz et al 2006Lacruz et al , 2008. Counts of daily incremental markings in the teeth of individuals with known dates of birth and death match very closely with the number of days of life (Antoine et al 2009).…”

Section: Incremental Growth Of Enamel and Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One contribution of 14 to a Discussion Meeting Issue 'The first four million years of human evolution '. daily incremental marking (Boyde 1976(Boyde , 1979(Boyde , 1989(Boyde , 1990aShinoda 1984). Thin sections of teeth prepared for histological analysis, or even polished or naturally fractured surfaces of fossil teeth that are suitable for examination with various kinds of microscopy (figure 1) can be used to reveal these markings in enamel and dentine (Boyde 1989(Boyde , 1990bDean 2000Dean , 2006Lacruz et al 2006Lacruz et al , 2008.…”

Section: Incremental Growth Of Enamel and Dentinementioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving chronological age from dental remains of early fossil hominins to reconstruct human growth in the past

Dean

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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A chronology of dental development in Pan troglodytes is arguably the best available model with which to compare and contrast reconstructed dental chronologies of the earliest fossil hominins. Establishing a time scale for growth is a requirement for being able to make further comparative observations about timing and rate during both dento-skeletal growth and brain growth. The absolute timing of anterior tooth crown and root formation appears not to reflect the period of somatic growth. In contrast, the molar dentition best reflects changes to the total growth period. Earlier initiation of molar mineralization, shorter crown formation times, less root length formed at gingival emergence into functional occlusion are cumulatively expressed as earlier ages at molar eruption. Things that are similar in modern humans and Pan, such as the total length of time taken to form individual teeth, raise expectations that these would also have been the same in fossil hominins. The best evidence there is from the youngest fossil hominin specimens suggests a close resemblance to the model for Pan but also hints that Gorilla may be a better developmental model for some. A mosaic of great ape-like features currently best describes the timing of early hominin dental development.

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Enamel

Cited by 160 publications

References 188 publications

Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry

Understanding Nano-Anatomy of Healthy and Carious Human Teeth: a Prerequisite for Nanodentistry

Faunal migration in late‐glacial central Italy: implications for human resource exploitation

Retrieving chronological age from dental remains of early fossil hominins to reconstruct human growth in the past

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