Enabling technologies for sustainable all — Electric hybrid vessels (Invited paper)

An isolated bipolar DC-DC converter for energy storage integration in marine vessels

“…The dc bus voltage can vary from above 1 kV to 35 kV [7] for MVDC distribution. In small marine vessels, like in dc ferries and cruises, the dc bus voltage is generally maintained at 1000 V to 1500 V [1], [8]- [11]. The dc distribution bus can be unipolar or bipolar type [12]- [14].…”

A strategy for power management of electric hybrid marine power systems

“…The power requirements are vastly different between the three main modes of operation broadly categorized as (i) transit, (ii) standby or idle, and (iii) ship assist operation. The tug load distribution, consolidated from operational data provided by ship operators [7] is illustrated in Fig 1 .1 as represented by solid line. With the conventional mechanical propulsion design, engine are sized to the bollard pull requirements, while spending only a fraction of operation time at this power level.…”

“…The all-electric hybrid power and propulsion system with DC distribution is the current state-of-the-art in the industry. The modern DC distribution system offers multiple advantages over conventional AC power distribution system [7,[12][13][14]. The main advantages include improving fuel efficiency, as well as the easy integrati on of DC hybrid power sources.…”

“…In [7,15], an example of rule-based control for all-electric hybrid tugs is described, where the application of battery is determined based on the modes of operation of the harbor tug. As mentioned before, the tug operation can be classified under three modes of operations, i.e.…”

“…To proof the concept of the proposed ECMS approach, the cost function of the proposed equivalent consumption formulation was solved at a sample time of 10 s, and the numerical results of the optimized power split between the power sources were compared to the RB solution used in [7,15]. The simulation results are presented in Fig.…”