“…Furthermore, five components of PSL have been underlined: "value-in-use is the source of value creation in public services; value in PSL is created not only in-use but also value-in-context, value-in-production, value-in-society; use-value is collectively created including by some non-participant labor, akin to audience labor; PSL as a managerial strategy seeks to transfer control of service processes (service judgments, resource use decisions and costs) from providers to service users; cocreation, like coproduction, arguably erodes equal rights to services" (Kinder & Stenvall, 2023: 7). Furthermore, in an empirical study based in municipal government level in London, it was attested that PSL was made feasible in the case of environmental, educational and to an extent, business development spheres such that such engagement was multi-directional with a focus on the highly engaged residents (Dudau et al, 2023). Furthermore, PSL is emphatic upon value derivation with the involvement of the users wherein their resources, skills and experiences are being factored into consideration (Gronroos, 2019) and this eventually results in improvisation of the services of the public services (Sonderskov & Ronning, 2021).…”