“…Reducing Stress in Infants: Kangaroo Care continued from previous page include quiet sleep, active sleep, drowsiness, quiet alert, active alert, and crying (Gottesman, 1999). The sleep states, including quiet and active sleep, typically last 60 minutes in length and transition to drowsiness prior to the infant awakening (Gottesman, 1999;White et al, 2002). A conscious/awake infant can also move through the alert states (e.g., quiet alert, active alert, and crying) and transition to drowsiness then into the sleep states.…”