“…Image guided [206] Automated 2D scanning and 3D reconstruction of the prostate [206,207]; computer aided biopsy planning and execution [206,207] Prostate biopsy [206] CE and FDA [206] Lapabot University of California Los Angeles, CA Teleoperated [208] Shared control for teaching [208] Laparoscopic procedures [208] MASTER Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Partial autonomy [218] MIS [217] preparing for CE marking [219] Sayaka RF Corp. Ltd. Nagano, Japan Capsule endoscope [220] Side facing, rotating camera inside the pill, battery free [220] Inspection of the stomach and colon [220] ≈$500 [221] SPORT (formerly Amadeus Composer) [222] Titan Medical Inc. Toronto, ON Teleoperated [73,223] Single-site surgery [224] with licensed technology from Columbia University [222] MIS [223] Planned FDA for 2015 [225] <$1M per unit [139,[226][227][228] Surgenius Surgica Robotica S.p.A Verona, Italy Teleoperated [72,229] MIS [72,229] CE mark (2012) [72,230,231] SurgiBot TransEnterix Surgical Inc. Morrisville, NC Assisted tool guidance [232] 3D vision, robot tool guidance, single site surgery [232] General MIS [232] ≈$500k to $1M [233,…”