Enabling Long‐term Cycling Stability of Na3V2(PO4)3/C vs. Hard Carbon Full‐cells
Pirmin Stüble,
Cedric Müller,
Julian Klemens
et al.
Abstract:Sodium‐ion batteries are becoming an increasingly important complement to lithium‐ion batteries. However, while extensive knowledge on the preparation of Li‐ion batteries with excellent cycling behavior exists, studies on applicable long‐lasting sodium‐ion batteries are still limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the cycling stability of batteries composed of Na3V2(PO4)3/C based cathodes and hard carbon anodes. It is shown that full‐cells with a decent stability are obtained for ethylene carbonate/propylen… Show more
“…SEM micrographs of nanoporous composite particles consisting of an NVP matrix with an embedded carbon phase and an intrinsic porosity of up to 54% are shown in Figure 17. They were synthesized via a bottom-up approach and show excellent cycling stability when used as either a cathode or anode material [35] or within full cells [36].…”
Nanoparticles have many advantages as active materials, such as a short diffusion length, low charge transfer resistance, or a reduced probability of cracking. However, their low packing density makes them unsuitable for commercial battery applications. Hierarchically structured microparticles are synthesized from nanoscale primary particles by targeted aggregation. Due to their open accessible porosity, they retain the advantages of nanomaterials but can be packed much more densely. However, the intrinsic porosity of the secondary particles leads to limitations in processing properties and increases the overall porosity of the electrode, which must be balanced against the improved rate stability and increased lifetime. This is demonstrated for an established cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2, NCM111). For active materials with low electrical or ionic conductivity, especially post-lithium systems, hierarchically structured particles are often the only way to produce competitive electrodes.
“…SEM micrographs of nanoporous composite particles consisting of an NVP matrix with an embedded carbon phase and an intrinsic porosity of up to 54% are shown in Figure 17. They were synthesized via a bottom-up approach and show excellent cycling stability when used as either a cathode or anode material [35] or within full cells [36].…”
Nanoparticles have many advantages as active materials, such as a short diffusion length, low charge transfer resistance, or a reduced probability of cracking. However, their low packing density makes them unsuitable for commercial battery applications. Hierarchically structured microparticles are synthesized from nanoscale primary particles by targeted aggregation. Due to their open accessible porosity, they retain the advantages of nanomaterials but can be packed much more densely. However, the intrinsic porosity of the secondary particles leads to limitations in processing properties and increases the overall porosity of the electrode, which must be balanced against the improved rate stability and increased lifetime. This is demonstrated for an established cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2, NCM111). For active materials with low electrical or ionic conductivity, especially post-lithium systems, hierarchically structured particles are often the only way to produce competitive electrodes.
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