Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations

Burnham, Andrew; Dufek, Eric J.; Stephens, Thomas; Francfort, J.E.; Michelbacher, Christopher; Carlson, Richard Barney; Zhang, Jiucai; Vijayagopal, Ram; Dias, Fernando; Mohanpurkar, Manish; Scoffield, Don; Hardy, Keith; Shirk, Matthew; Hovsapian, Rob; Ahmed, Shabbir; Bloom, Ira; Jansen, Andrew N.; Keyser, M.; Kreuzer, Cory; Markel, Anthony; Meintz, Andrew; Pesaran, A.; Tanim, Tanvir R.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079

Cited by 152 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Charge points are also being developed with phone identification (e.g. Android Pay, Apple Pay, Google Wallet) credit/debit card readers, or via using SMS payments (Burnham et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pricing and Interoperabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Hardman

Jenn

Tal

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

489

211

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This is the autho s e sio of a o k that was published in the following source: Hardman, S.; Jenn, A.; Beard, G.; Daina, N.;Figenbaum, E.; Jochem, P. E. P.; Kinnear, N. A. D.; Pontes, J. P.;Refa, N.;Turrentine, T. S.; Witkamp, B. (2018). AbstractThis paper presents a literature review of studies that investigate infrastructure needs to support the market introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). It focuses on literature relating to consumer preferences for charging infrastructure, and how consumers interact with and use this infrastructure. This includes studies that use questionnaire surveys, interviews, modelling, GPS data from vehicles, and data from electric vehicle charging equipment. These studies indicate that the most important location for PEV charging is at home, followed by work, and then public locations. Studies have found that more effort is needed to ensure consumers have easy access to PEV charging and that charging at home, work, or public locations should not be free of cost. Research indicates that PEV charging will not impact electricity grids on the short term, however charging may need to be managed when the vehicles are deployed in greater numbers. In some areas of study the literature is not sufficiently mature to draw any conclusions from. More research is especially needed to determine how much infrastructure is needed to support the roll out of PEVs. This paper ends with policy implications and suggests avenues of future research.Next, we provide background information on charging modes and levels and then introduce the approach to the literature review. Section 2 then summarises the literature, whilst Section 3 concludes with insights for policymakers and literature gaps.

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“…Charge points are also being developed with phone identification (e.g. Android Pay, Apple Pay, Google Wallet) credit/debit card readers, or via using SMS payments (Burnham et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pricing and Interoperabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Hardman

Jenn

Tal

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

489

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many roll-out strategies, therefore, focus on a corridor approach [1,2]. However, with increasing fast charging rates (from 50 kw to 350 kw), the time needed for fast charging approaches fossil fuel refuelling times [3]. Such rates may possibly reduce the need for slow (level 2) charging stations especially in urban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Needs in Cities and along Corridors

Wolbertus

Hoed

2019

WEVJ

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Fast charging is seen as a means to facilitate long-distance driving for electric vehicles (EVs). As a result, roll-out planning generally takes a corridor approach. However, with higher penetration of electric vehicles in urban areas, cities contemplate whether inner-city fast chargers can be an alternative for the growing amount of slow public chargers. For this purpose, more knowledge is required in motives and preferences of users and actual usage patterns of fast chargers. Similarly, with increasing charging speeds of fast chargers and different modes (taxi, car sharing) also switching to electric vehicles, the effect of charging speed should be evaluated as well as preferences amongst different user groups. This research investigates the different intentions and motivations of EV drivers at fast charging stations to see how charging behaviour at such stations differs using both data analysis from charging stations as a survey among EV drivers. Additionally, it estimates the willingness of EV drivers to use fast charging as a substitute for on-street home charging given higher charging speeds. The paper concludes that limited charging speeds imply that EV drivers prefer parking and charging over fast charging but this could change if battery developments allow higher charging speeds.

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“…The incremental cost of reducing the charging time from 55 to 10 min is 126 USD/kWh [20]. Table 1 also provides details of DCFC costs and charging characteristics and their comparison to XFC given in study [30]. Comparison shows that the cost for XFC are much higher.…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weighted average VTTS is estimated to be 16.00 USD per hour. The XFC-BEV would spend about a 900 h less for EV charging than the BEV-DCFC, accounting for about 15,000 USD in VTTS [30]. Study [31] provides a comparison between different levels of EV charging going from home charging station to 'super-fast' DC public charging.…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium-ion batteries are shown to have the best performance according to their higher energy efficiency of up to 99.5% [32], power density, compact and lighter weight [33] and are used in applications that need high energy or power densities [20]. Lithium-ion batteries for EVs have achieved significant reductions in costs in the past 10 years with some 2016 battery pack costs near or below 200 USD/kWh [30].…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

2020

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Croatia aims to achieve 10% of its energy production from the renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption in the transport sector. One of the ways to achieve this goal is by the use of electric vehicles. This work comparatively analyses the financial and social aspects of vehicle-to-grid charging in standard and fast charging mode, their impact on the renewable electricity production and the total electricity consumption regulated through variable electricity prices. Data were taken for the wider urban area of the Dubrovnik region. The assumption is that the Dubrovnik region will be self-sufficient by the year 2050 with 100% renewable electricity production and that all conventional vehicles will be replaced by electric vehicles. This work aims to show that the fast charging based on 10 min time steps offers more opportunities for flexibility and utilization of renewable generation in the energy system than the standard charging based on hourly time step. The results of this work showed the opposite, where in most of the scenarios standard charging provided better results. Replacement of the existing two tariff model in electricity prices with variable electricity prices contributes to the stability of the energy system, providing better regulation of charging and higher opportunities for renewable electricity utilization in standard and fast charging and reduction of charging costs. According to the financial aspects, fast charging is shown to be more expensive, but for the social aspects, it provides electric vehicles with more opportunities for better competition in the market.

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Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations

Cited by 152 publications

References 13 publications

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Needs in Cities and along Corridors

Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

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