“…Finally, amalgamation (the autonomy of the partners being deferred to a supra-organization) is applicable to GNLEs that extend beyond a single course and have structural effects on the participating institutions (O'Brien & Eriksson, 2010), Working relationships can also suffer from power imbalances related to language, institutional status, economic resources, access to technology and information, textbooks and assignments, and leadership (Starke-Meyerring, 2006). As Starke-Meyerring et al (2008) put it: "Without partnerships rooted in equality and reciprocity, curricula remained monocultural […] and overlooked power imbalances between rich and less wellresourced institutions, countries, and regions" (p.21). In the GNLE described by Fitch, Kirby and Amador (2008), not all participants were native-English speakers, but they promoted reciprocity through shared leadership, common syllabus and a balance between synchronous, asynchronous and regular classroom discussions.…”