Abstract:Smart monitoring of seniors behavioural patterns and more specifically activities of
daily living have attracted immense research interest in recent years. Development of
smart decision support systems to support the promotion of health smart homes has also
emerged taking advantage of the plethora of smart, inexpensive and unobtrusive monitoring
sensors, devices and software tools. To this end, a smart monitoring system has been used
in order to extract meaningful information about television (TV) usage patter… Show more
“…Furthermore, the PC is only used for videoconferencing services, whereas the health monitoring subsystem, controlling the self-operated medical devices via wireless communication, exploits a different local concentrator connected to the Internet; thus, it has reduced integration levels. In addition, beyond providing a very interesting telecare platform, the adoption of a TV-based system also enables studies on the TV usage patterns and habits [61] with completely unobtrusive solutions; therefore, early signs of health and cognitive deterioration can be identified.…”
Telemonitoring is a branch of telehealth that aims at remotely monitoring vital signs, which is important for chronically ill patients and the elderly living alone. The available standalone devices and applications for the selfmonitoring of health parameters largely suffer from interoperability problems; meanwhile, telemonitoring medical devices are expensive, self-contained, and are not integrated into user-friendly technological platforms for the end user. This paper presents the technical aspects and usability assessment of the telemonitoring features of the HEREiAM platform, which supports heterogeneous information technology systems. By exploiting a service-oriented architecture, the measured parameters collected by off-the-shelf Bluetooth medical devices are sent as XML documents to a private cloud that implements an interoperable health service infrastructure, which is compliant with the most recent healthcare standards and security protocols. This Androidbased system is designed to be accessible both via TV and portable devices, and includes other utilities designed to support the elderly living alone. Four usability assessment sessions with quality-validated questionnaires were performed to accurately understand the ease of use, usefulness, acceptance, and quality of the proposed system. The results reveal that our system achieved very high usability scores even at its first use, and the scores did not significantly change over time during a field trial that lasted for four months, reinforcing the idea of an intuitive design.
“…Furthermore, the PC is only used for videoconferencing services, whereas the health monitoring subsystem, controlling the self-operated medical devices via wireless communication, exploits a different local concentrator connected to the Internet; thus, it has reduced integration levels. In addition, beyond providing a very interesting telecare platform, the adoption of a TV-based system also enables studies on the TV usage patterns and habits [61] with completely unobtrusive solutions; therefore, early signs of health and cognitive deterioration can be identified.…”
Telemonitoring is a branch of telehealth that aims at remotely monitoring vital signs, which is important for chronically ill patients and the elderly living alone. The available standalone devices and applications for the selfmonitoring of health parameters largely suffer from interoperability problems; meanwhile, telemonitoring medical devices are expensive, self-contained, and are not integrated into user-friendly technological platforms for the end user. This paper presents the technical aspects and usability assessment of the telemonitoring features of the HEREiAM platform, which supports heterogeneous information technology systems. By exploiting a service-oriented architecture, the measured parameters collected by off-the-shelf Bluetooth medical devices are sent as XML documents to a private cloud that implements an interoperable health service infrastructure, which is compliant with the most recent healthcare standards and security protocols. This Androidbased system is designed to be accessible both via TV and portable devices, and includes other utilities designed to support the elderly living alone. Four usability assessment sessions with quality-validated questionnaires were performed to accurately understand the ease of use, usefulness, acceptance, and quality of the proposed system. The results reveal that our system achieved very high usability scores even at its first use, and the scores did not significantly change over time during a field trial that lasted for four months, reinforcing the idea of an intuitive design.
“…However, few studies were conducted to test the accuracy and outcomes of an energy usage monitoring system in real-life settings [ 17 ]. Billis et al [ 35 ] used smart television data to extract meaningful information about television usage patterns and subsequently associate them with the clinical findings of experts. Another study by Franco et al [ 36 ] tested the feasibility of a system for noninvasive monitoring of subjects at home by recording electrical activity from room lighting and other electrical domestic appliances.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This type of monitoring—monitoring by specific types of appliances—is less sensitive to deviations from the average 24-hour energy usage pattern compared to an energy usage monitoring system operating via the smart meter because these particular appliances do not include the total activity of a household. However, the advantage of this system is that the collected data does not need to be disaggregated; it is immediately clear which appliance was used [ 35 , 36 ].…”
Background
Due to the aging population, there is a need for monitoring well-being and safety while living independently. A low-intrusive monitoring system is based on a person’s use of energy or water.
Objective
The study's objective was to provide a systematic overview of studies that monitor the health and well-being of older people using energy (eg, electricity and gas) and water usage data and study the outcomes on health and well-being.
Methods
CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched systematically from inception until November 8, 2021. The inclusion criteria were that the study had to be published in English, have full-text availability, target independent-living people aged 60 years and older from the general population, have an observational design, and assess the outcomes of a monitoring system based on energy (ie, electricity, gas, or water) usage on well-being and safety. The quality of the studies was assessed by the QualSyst systematic review tool.
Results
The search strategy identified 2920 articles. The majority of studies focused on the technical algorithms underlying energy usage data and related sensors. One study was included in this review. This study reported that the smart energy meter data monitoring system was considered unobtrusive and was well accepted by the older people and professionals involved. Energy usage in a household acted as a unique signature and therefore provided useful insight into well-being and safety. This study lacked statistical power due to the small number of participants and the low number of observed events. In addition, the quality of the study was rated as low.
Conclusions
This review identified only 1 study that evaluated the impact of an energy usage monitoring system on the well-being and safety of older people. The absence of reliable evidence impedes any definitive guidance or recommendations for practice. Because this emerging field has not yet been studied thoroughly, many questions remain open for further research. Future studies should focus on the further development of a monitoring system and the evaluation of the implementation and outcomes of these systems.
Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022245713; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=245713
“…This included using data collected through the system for training models predicting different aspects of users' health and well-being. Examples include correlations between TV usage and mental health [37], early detection of dementia [21], or assessing well-being based on users' daily activities [19]. Many studies evaluated accuracy, reliability (e.g., [26], [32], [48]), or feasibility (e.g., [23], [28], [56]) of using the smart home devices.…”
Smart home devices have great potential for supporting older adults' health, safety, and independent living. Past reviews have identified only a few studies on the use of smart home devices for older adults and reported low technology readiness levels for the devices. This article presents a systematic literature review to identify the devices that have been used in studies with older adults, the setting in which those devices have been tested, the evaluation methods of the existing user studies, and the limitations.[Method] ACM DL, Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore were searched for a set of different keywords that included smart home sensors and older adults. The search was limited to "past ten years" (from the search date). Articles written in English that included user studies evaluating smart home devices with older adults were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed. [Results] 3847 unique articles were identified, 48 of which were included in the review. The articles represented research from a large range of countries. The majority of the studies evaluated the devices in participants' homes, followed by research lab settings. A few articles used other settings such as care centres and hospitals. The studies mainly evaluated the performance of the systems, followed by users' evaluations, such as perceptions and acceptance. Many studies had longterm interactions (more than a month). [Conclusion] there are still limited studies on the impact and benefits of smart home devices on older adults' quality of life, health, or well-being. Future studies are needed to better understand these benefits.
INDEX TERMSSmart homes, older adults, smart home devices, systematic review, research gaps I. INTRODUCTION
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