Enabling a Battery-Less Sensor Node Using Dedicated Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Complete Off-Grid Applications

Miller, Timothy I.; Oyewobi, Stephen S.; Abu‐Mahfouz, Adnan M.; Hancke, Gerhard P.

doi:10.3390/en13205402

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While this naturally sacrifices efficiency in comparison to narrow-band harvesters proposed by Zhang et al (2011), Liu et al (2013), Naderi et al (2014), andMiller et al (2020), it maximizes the applicability of the harvester in diverse application scenarios.…”

Section: Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static: Low Frequency Energy Harvesting and Power Transfer for the Internet of Things

Thangarajan

Nguyen

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Signal Process.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is composed of wireless embedded devices which sense, analyze and communicate the state of the physical world. To achieve truly wireless operation, today’s IoT devices largely depend on batteries for power. However, this leads to high maintenance costs due to battery replacement, or the environmentally damaging concept of disposable devices. Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising approach to delivering long-life, environmentally friendly IoT device operation. However, with the exception of solar harvesting, it remains difficult to ensure sustainable system operation using environmental power alone. This paper tackles this problem by contributing Static, a Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting and wireless power transfer platform. Our approach comprises autonomous energy management techniques, adaptive power transfer algorithms and an open-source hardware reference platform to enable further research. We evaluate Static in laboratory conditions and show that 1) ambient RF energy harvesting can deliver sustainable operation using common industrial sources, while 2) wireless power transfer provides a simple means to power motes at a range of up to 3 m through a variety of media.

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Section: Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuned antenna subsystems have been extensively studied in the RF energy harvesting literature: Gollakota et al ( 2013), Liu et al (2013), andMiller et al (2020). Antennas tuned to a specific frequency exhibit higher efficiency, however this narrows the frequency in which energy can be harvested.…”

Section: Tuned Antenna Sub-systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static: Low Frequency Energy Harvesting and Power Transfer for the Internet of Things

Thangarajan

Nguyen

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Signal Process.

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“…In this paper, in order to avoid interference with other communications operating on the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands, 2.482 GHz (which is a frequency in the upper guard-band of the 2.4 GHz band) and 5.73 GHz (which is a frequency in the lower guard-band of the 5.8 GHz band), are determined as operating frequencies for the proposed dual-band WPT system. Additionally, radiating elements that generate RHCP (right-handed circular polarization) are applied as array elements because using circular polarization can minimize polarization mismatch losses, ensuring polarization diversity in WPT system [21][22][23].…”

Section: Implementation Of a Dual-band Rf Wireless Power Transfer (Wpt) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Band RF Wireless Power Transfer System with a Shared-Aperture Dual-Band Tx Array Antenna

et al. 2021

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In this paper, a dual-band RF wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a shared-aperture dual-band Tx array antenna for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is proposed. The final configuration of the Tx array, which is made up of 2.4 GHz right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) patches and 5.8 GHz RHCP patches, is derived from the optimization of 2.4 and 5.8 GHz thinned arrays, ultimately to achieve high transmission efficiency for various WPT scenarios. The dual-band RF WPT Tx system including the Tx array antenna and a Tx module is implemented, and Rx antennas with a 2.4 GHz patch, a 5.8 GHz patch, and a dual-band (2.4 and 5.8 GHz) patch are developed. To validate the proposed dual-band RF WPT system, WPT experiments using a single band and dual bands were conducted. When transmitting RF wireless power on a single frequency (either 2.482 GHz or 5.73 GHz), the received power according to the distance between the Tx and Rx and the position of the Rx was measured. When the distance was varied from 1 m to 3.9 m and the transmitted power was 40 dBm, the received power value at 2.482 GHz and 5.73 GHz were measured and found to be 24.75–13.5 dBm (WPT efficiency = 2.985–0.224%) and 19.25–6.8 dBm (WPT efficiency = 0.841–0.050%), respectively. The measured results were in good agreement with the calculated results, and it is revealed that the transmission efficiency when wireless power is transmitted via beam-focusing increases more than that with conventional beam-forming. Furthermore, the dual-band WPT experiment proves that 2.482 GHz beam and 5.73 GHz beams can be formed individually and that their wireless power can be transmitted to a dual-band Rx or two different Rx.

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“…Hence, the question of how to provide a sustainable energy supply to IoT devices is becoming an increasingly important issue for the success of next-generation IoT networks. Energy from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is considered a promising new energy source for ultra-low-power consumption IoT devices, such as wearable devices and IoT sensors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting, which is the conversion of energy from EMFs emitted from devices in wireless cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G and Energies 2023, 16, 5622 2 of 22 5G) and local networks (IEEE 802.11) into usable electrical energy, has several advantages compared to the rest of the resources [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields Inside a Vehicle for Different Wireless Communication Scenarios: A New Alternative Source of Energy

2023

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The search for new energy sources in the 21st century is a crucial topic with an essential economic and societal meaning. Today, energy from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is considered a promising new energy source for ultra-low-power consumption devices, such as wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. The research goal of this study was to experimentally evaluate the electric field (E-field) inside a compact car for several realistic wireless communication scenarios and to explore the possibility of using these EMFs in energy-harvesting applications. For each scenario, we performed measurements of E-fields in an urban area, in two cases: when the car was in an open space without a direct line of sight to a base station, and when the car was in underground parking. The results show that the highest measured value of the electric field appeared during the voice calls via the GSM network. Moreover, the maximum measured values of the electric field during a UMTS, LTE and 5G voice call were five to six times lower than those in the GSM network.

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Enabling a Battery-Less Sensor Node Using Dedicated Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Complete Off-Grid Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Static: Low Frequency Energy Harvesting and Power Transfer for the Internet of Things

Static: Low Frequency Energy Harvesting and Power Transfer for the Internet of Things

Dual-Band RF Wireless Power Transfer System with a Shared-Aperture Dual-Band Tx Array Antenna

Experimental Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields Inside a Vehicle for Different Wireless Communication Scenarios: A New Alternative Source of Energy

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