Emulsion‐polymerized polyindole nanoparticles and their electrorheology

Park, In Hye; Kwon, Seung Hyuk; Choi, Hyoung Jin

doi:10.1002/app.46384

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To further study the relationship among them, the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) of the PDPA/Fe 3 O 4 -based ER suspension over the wide frequency region (from 20 to 10 6 Hz) were tested using a LCR meter. Note that dielectric relaxation of materials can be described simply using the following Cole–Cole equation [57,58]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Dong

Choi

2019

Materials

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Electro-responsive poly(diphenylamine)(PDPA)/Fe3O4 composite particles were prepared by the synthesis of PDPA particles using a chemical oxidative polymerization technique followed by loading nano-sized Fe3O4 particles onto PDPA via a chemical co-precipitation process. The morphological image of the PDPA/Fe3O4 particles was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The crystalline structure was scrutinized by X-ray diffraction. The rheological characteristics of the suspension composed of PDPA/Fe3O4 particles suspended in silicone oil were investigated by a rotation rheometer, demonstrating standard electrorheological (ER) characteristics with a dramatic increase in shear stress and dynamic moduli under the application of an electrical field strength. The shear stress curves under an electrical field could be described using the Bingham model and the yield stress showed a power-law relationship with the electric field strength with an exponent of 1.5, following the conduction model. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent dielectric behaviors of the PDPA/Fe3O4 ER suspension was tested using an inductance (L)-capacitance (C)-resistance (R) (LCR) meter. The dielectric properties were well described using the Cole–Cole equation and were consistent with the results of the ER experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Dong

Choi

2019

Materials

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“…Similarly, PIN synthesized with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as surfactant was found to generate more electrical conductivity as compared to CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and TW-80. While the synthesized PIN with APS by Park et al [41] was having electrical conductivity of 5.5 × 10 −5 S cm −1 which subsequently decrease after de-doping. PIN synthesized in Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 •6H 2 O generates low level of electrical conductivity (6.0 × 10 −7 S cm −1 ) in protonic acidic solution (HClO 4 ) due to broken polymer chain, while, in the presence of BF 3 , no polymer backbone is ruptured resulting in higher electrical conductivity (4.6 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ) of synthesized polymer [18].…”

Section: Electrical and Electrochemical Performance Of Pinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Mudila

Prasher

Kumar

et al. 2019

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Polyindole-based hybrid composites are being recognized as a promising candidate to be used in energy storage field along with other conjugated organic polymers. Polyindoles themselves are affected with low electrical and electrochemical conductivity; nevertheless, high redox activity, tunable electrical conductivity, significant thermal stability, slow degradation rate, and possible blending property give them upper hand to be used as a good contender. Certain factors viz. electrolyte, concentration, morphology, pH, temperature, etc., are major components affecting performance of Polyindole and its composites. This assessment recapitulates the position of Polyindole and its hybrid composite to be used as energy harvest material; in addition, this evaluation also pronounces the future aspect of the hybrids.

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“…On the other hand, the yield stress corresponding to each electric field is higher in ZnFe 2 O 4 /PIn, indicating that the ER effect is excellent in this study [ 35 ]. In addition, compared to the emulsion-polymerized PIn nanoparticle-based ER fluid of the maximum electric field strength of 2.5 kV/mm, the ZnFe 2 O 4 /PIn particle-based ER fluid in this study could tolerate 4.0 kV/mm because the thin layer of PIn in the core-shell structure possesses a better semi-conducting conductivity value for the ER fluid [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Response of Polyindole Coated Zinc Ferrite Particle Suspension under an Electric Field

Kang

Choi

2021

Materials

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ZnFe2O4 particles initially synthesized through a simple solvothermal method were coated using polyindole (PIn) to prepare an actively controllable core-shell typed hybrid material under both electric and magnetic fields. An advantage of this process is not needing to add the stabilizers or surfactants commonly used for uniform coating when synthesizing core or shell-structured particles. The synthesized ZnFe2O4/PIn particles have a lower density than conventional magnetic particles and have suitable properties as electrorheological (ER) particles. The expected spherical shape of the particles was proven using both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical characterization was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. To analyze the rheological properties, a ZnFe2O4/PIn based suspension was prepared, and dynamic rheological measurements were performed for different electric field strengths using a rotary rheometer. Both dynamic and elastic yield stresses of the ER fluid had a slope of 1.5, corresponding to the conductivity model. Excellent ER effect was confirmed through rheological analysis, and the prepared ER fluid had a reversible and immediate response to repeated electric fields.

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Emulsion‐polymerized polyindole nanoparticles and their electrorheology

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Electrorheological Characteristics of Poly(diphenylamine)/magnetite Composite-Based Suspension

Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Dynamic Response of Polyindole Coated Zinc Ferrite Particle Suspension under an Electric Field

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