Emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride: Effects of mixing and reaction conditions on the initial rate of polymerization

Abstract

In order to contribute to a better understanding of the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) an experimental study under conditions of temperature and pressure similar to those found in industrial processes was carried out. It is shown that the initial rate of polymerization is strongly influenced by the agitation of the reactor, with the rate of reaction increasing as the rate of agitation increases. In addition, using a more efficient impeller also increases the polymerisation. It is proposed that this is due to mass transfer limitations. This idea is confirmed by a similar dependence of the average molecular weight on agitation. Experimental data also shows that particles are formed by homogeneous coagulative nucleation. It is proposed that particle nucleation occurs throughout the polymerisation, and that a competition between controlled coagulation and particle generation governs the rate of reaction.

A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Binder Technologies for Energy Storage Applications

“…This property aids in the easy release of the electrode from the collector, enabling improved electrode fabrication and maintenance. PTFE exhibits poor electrical conductivity, which can increase internal resistance and limit the rate capability of the battery . To address this limitation, PTFE is often combined with conductive additives, such as carbon black or graphene, to improve the overall electrode conductivity.…”

Issue Highlights

“…It is important to recognize this, as mass transfer limitations can complicate process scaleup, as well as explain certain quality variations from one reactor to another. [2] An overview of sensors and sensing materials for heavy metals in aqueous environments Katherine M. E. Stewart, Majed Al-Ghamdi, Mahmoud Khater, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, Alexander Penlidis…”

“…In this article we demonstrate that the rate of polymerization as well as the average molecular weight can be mass transfer limited. It is important to recognize this, as mass transfer limitations can complicate process scale‐up, as well as explain certain quality variations from one reactor to another [2] …”

Preface to the special section in memory of Professor Kenneth F. O'Driscoll

“…This special section features 12 invited papers from researchers around the world, reflecting the extent and depth of Ken's scientific legacy in polymer science and engineering. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Ken was born 22 July 1931 in Staten Island, New York City. He attended the prestigious Regis High School in Manhattan and then the Pratt Institute for his BChE (1952).…”

“…This special section features 12 invited papers from researchers around the world, reflecting the extent and depth of Ken's scientific legacy in polymer science and engineering. [ 1–12 ]…”