Emulsion breaking-induced extraction of Cd and Pb from oily dietary supplements followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection

Leal, Gabriela; Rovasi, Franciele; Maziero, Maiara; Nascimento, Paulo Cı́cero do; Carvalho, Leandro Machado de; Viana, Carine

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104651

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Two reports from the same research group described methods for the determination of metals by HR-CS-ETAAS in which samples were prepared by emulsion breaking . In the first report, 59 the researchers described the analyses of several oily dietary supplements for Cd and Pb. To 500 mg of sample 1.5 mL of toluene were added followed, after 20 s agitation, by 2 mL of 5% w/v Triton X-100 solution in 15% v/v HCl.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Patriarca,

Barlow,

Cross

et al. 2024

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Patriarca,

Barlow,

Cross

et al. 2024

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Emulsifying agents play a very important role in emulsion formation.Besides, they can increase the stability of the emulsion by reducing the surface tension of the oily and aqueous phases (Camera et al, 2022). So, several surfactants including Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-80, Triton X-114, and Triton X-100 were chosen to study the impact of surfactant type on the extraction efficiency of Cr, Cd and Pb metals .…”

Section: Effect Of Surfactant Type Concentration and Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of temperature on the formation and stability of the emulsion can be investigated from the aspect that increasing the temperature can reduce the viscosity and surface tension of the oil phase and hence facilitate the formation of water droplets in the oil. On the other hand, increasing the temperature can break the generated emulsion, reducing the contact time between the oil phase and the aqueous phase (Camera et al, 2022). So, In order to find the optimum temperature, different oil samples were extracted in the same experimental conditions at different temperatures from ambient temperature to 60 °C.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development Method for The Determination of Cr, Cd And Pb in Edible Sunflower Oil Using Emulsion Extraction-faas

2023

UOD

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The presence of heavy metals in vegetable oils has negative health effects when consumed by living organisms. As a result, assessing mineral extraction methods is critical for monitoring mineral concentration levels and ensuring oil quality. This study describes a new analytical method for the determination of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in edible sunflower oil using emulsion extraction followed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The method is based on the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion by mixing the oil sample with (1, 10 -2 and 10 -3 M nitric acid solution for Pb, Cr, and Cd respectively) incorporated with a certain amount of a surfactant Triton-X 100 for Pb and Cr, and Tween 80 for Cd. Once the emulsion was formed, it was broken by centrifuging the mixture at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes. This led to the extraction of metal ions into the aqueous phase which was collected, and introduced to FAAS for metal analysis. Neither an organic solvent was used nor an additional dilution was performed prior to the metal analysis. Various parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency of the target metals were evaluated and optimized. The detection limits were 20.0 μg/kg for lead, 4.0 μg/kg for chromium, and 0.2 μg/kg for cadmium. The standard addition method was used for the construction of the calibration curve to mitigate the potential interferences caused by the sample matrix. The findings confirmed that the proposed sample preparation method combined with FAAS provides a simple and reliable analytical method for the measurement of lead, chromium, and cadmium in edible oils.

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“…The most commonly used techniques for the analysis of chemical composition of dietary supplements based on plant extracts is liquid chromatography coupled to a detector (UV/Vis) or photodiode array (PDA) [ 24 , 25 ], or a charged aerosol detector (CAD, Corona detector) [ 26 ], gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID) [ 27 ] or mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole coupled with gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) [ 28 ]. Studies dealing with the analysis of metals have used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [ 29 , 30 ] or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [ 31 , 32 ]. The determination of trace elements in plants by ICP-MS or FAAS allows rapid analysis with good precision and accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Mineral Composition and the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea Extracts

Ośko

Szewczyk

Berk

et al. 2022

Foods

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Our aim was to assess the mineral composition as well as the physicochemical quality of green tea-based dietary supplements (capsules and tablets) with respect to average weight, size and shape, friability, breaking force and disintegration time. Products were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd. Approximately 60% of the analysed supplements met the requirements of European and Polish regulations. The dietary supplements passed weight variation tests, but not all products had compliant capsule sizes. One product in tablet form failed the friability test, and eleven dietary supplements in tablet form failed the disintegration test. The supplements were characterised by a varied elemental composition, with the highest values found for Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn. The recommended daily allowance realisation for Fe and Zn in two dietary supplements (capsule form) exceeded 100%. As a result of the estimation of the monthly intake of toxic metals, it was concluded that the tested products do not pose a risk to consumer health. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found for K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The application of factor and cluster analyses allowed the verification of the similarity of green tea extracts contained in dietary supplements to the natural raw material, green tea leaves, used as a reference material.

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Emulsion breaking-induced extraction of Cd and Pb from oily dietary supplements followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry detection

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

Development Method for The Determination of Cr, Cd And Pb in Edible Sunflower Oil Using Emulsion Extraction-faas

Assessment of the Mineral Composition and the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea Extracts

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