Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering

“…[233][234][235] Bio-oil emulsions have promising ignition characteristics but also have a high cost due to surfactant addition and a high energy cost for emulsification. Higher corrosion levels occur in engine applications with the biooil-diesel emulsions.…”

“…2 diesel fuel. 233 The cetane number, which is a measure of the diesel fuel quality with higher cetane numbers being better for engine use, decreased from 46, 43, 38, to 34 as the bio-oil concentration increased from 0, 10, 20, to 30 wt %, respectively. The corrosivity of the emulsions was about half that of the bio-oil, and the viscosity of the emulsion increased as the fraction of the bio-oil increased.…”

“…The surfactant production costs for a fuel with zero stratification emulsions are reported to be 2.6, 3.4, and 4.1 ¢/L for 10, 20, and 30 wt % bio-oil emulsions, respectively. 233 Fuels with a higher weight percent of bio-oils (up to 75% bio-oil) were prepared, characterized, and tested by Chiaramonti et al 234,235 Mixtures of methanol and cetane enhancers can be used to improve the combustion characteristics of bio-oils. Suppes reported a cetane number of bio-oil as 27; 185 however, blending bio-oils with a 4% cetane enhancer (tetraethyleneglycol dinitrate), 24% methanol and 72% bio-oils showed a performance similar to that of diesel fuel in terms of ignition characteristics.…”

Physicochemical Properties of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Sugarcane Straw and Sugarcane in Natura

“…, respectively, which is an important feature of the fuel because it facilitates the formation of emulsion and its introduction into the fuel industry [24]. The acidity of the samples were determined by the method of total acidity index (TAI) and values of 44.9 mg KOH·g ) [13,17].…”

Exhaust Measurement and Emission Control – Biodiesel Involvement in Diesel Engine

“…WPO cannot be made to mix directly with diesel due to poor miscibility, various surface tension and their hygroscopic qualities [5]. Main application of this emulsification idea has been found to be the best promising approach; it was used to reduce the creation of diesel engine exhaust emissions and also to improving the fuel consumption [6]. Different kinds of research works were carried to make emulsions with Wood Pyrolysis Oil with sole fuel (Diesel) to defeat problems of miscibility.…”