EMT influences the expression of CK19 in pleural effusion-derived lung cancer cells and their invasion and metastasis

Abstract

Lung cancer is the most common cancer after breast and colon cancer, with high rates of mortality, worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancer, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which accounts for approximately 20% of all lung cancer cases and non-SCLC, which accounts for almost 80% of lung cancer cases. Although lung cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, progress in achieving better clinical outcomes has been gradual. Even though a number of markers have been suggested for the diagnosis of lung cancer and monitoring of disease progression, there is no clear way of assessing the invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasizing capability of the primary tumor cells. We investigated the incidence of cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-negative expressers in different types of lung cancer from 111 lung cancer patients, their serum and pleural effusion CYFRA21-1 levels and whether induction of EMT in the primary focus cells influences the expression of CK19. In addition, we examined whether CK19-negative lung cancers were more invasive and metastatic. We also examined the propensity of primary focus cells to undergo EMT in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The results obtained suggested that the invasion and metastasis of lung tumor cells can be assessed by having a complete picture of serum CYFRA21-1 together with the CK19 expression status of primary focus cells and pleural effusion. This assessment may be further improved by examining the propensity of the isolated primary focus cells to undergo TGF-β1 induced EMT in cell culture.

Escherichia coli foster bladder cancer cell line progression via epithelial mesenchymal transition, stemness and metabolic reprogramming

“…2nd day n = 12, 4th day n = 12, each MOI n = 6 and control n = 6. 19 . Therefore, downregulation of CK19 refers to lose in structural integrity of epithelial cell.…”

Copy number gain in recurrent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement‐lung adenocarcinoma in the pleural effusion

“…EMT is a process by which epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells, and plays an important role in invasion and migration during cancer metastasis. 15 Kim et al also reported that EMT is possibly involved in acquired resistance to crizotinib in vitro. 16 In general, morphological change to spindle cell shape is accompanied by a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in vimentin, and an overexpression of vimentin predicts the progression and an unfavorable survival in NSCLC.…”

“…EMT is a process by which epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells, and plays an important role in invasion and migration during cancer metastasis . Kim et al also reported that EMT is possibly involved in acquired resistance to crizotinib in vitro .…”

Increased Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Levels Are Positively Correlated with Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Malignant Pleural Effusions from Adenocarcinomas

“…EMT is reactivated during adulthood under conditions of disease, such as cancer. EMT determines the severity of cancer and contributes to metastasis [ 5 ]. EMT is a progressive malignant cell program that enhances the mobility, invasion, resistance to apoptotic stimuli, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells [ 23 ].…”

“…Cytokeratins (CKs) are cancer biomarkers and are the main structural elements of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. CK19 is expressed in the epithelium covering the bronchial tree and is overexpressed in lung cancer [ 5 ]. Conflicting information on the relationship between ADA and cancer has been reported in previous studies, some of which have found ADA activity to be increased in malignant tissues and others of which have found it to be decreased [ 6 – 8 ].…”