Empyema Caused by <i>Clostridium bifermentans</i>: A Case Report

Edagiz, Safa; Lagace-Wiens, Phil; Embil, John M.; Karlowsky, James A.; Walkty, Andrew

doi:10.1155/2015/481076

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…C. perfringens cluster was clearly separated from other Clostridium species, with closest relatives identified as C. baratii (toxin producer associated with infant botulism) and Clostridium sardiniense (α-toxin producers isolated from gas gangrene cases) (Figure 1 ) (Masaki et al, 1988 ; Harvey et al, 2002 ). Clinically important toxin-generating bacteria C. botulinum , potentially pathogenic Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium tertium , scavenger Clostridium cadaveris , and deadly-toxin producer Clostridium tetani all fall in the same sub-lineage (cluster 2) as C. perfringens , with Clostridium difficile (known for nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea), Clostridium sordellii and C. bifermentans (uncommon environmental species infrequently linked to human diseases) diverging earlier from their common ancestor (cluster 1), suggesting an ancient divergence in evolutionary history (Edagiz et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors

et al. 2017

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Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of animal and human infections, however information about the genetic makeup of this pathogenic bacterium is currently limited. In this study, we sought to understand and characterise the genomic variation, pangenomic diversity, and key virulence traits of 56 C. perfringens strains which included 51 public, and 5 newly sequenced and annotated genomes using Whole Genome Sequencing. Our investigation revealed that C. perfringens has an “open” pangenome comprising 11667 genes and 12.6% of core genes, identified as the most divergent single-species Gram-positive bacterial pangenome currently reported. Our computational analyses also defined C. perfringens phylogeny (16S rRNA gene) in relation to some 25 Clostridium species, with C. baratii and C. sardiniense determined to be the closest relatives. Profiling virulence-associated factors confirmed presence of well-characterised C. perfringens-associated exotoxins genes including α-toxin (plc), enterotoxin (cpe), and Perfringolysin O (pfo or pfoA), although interestingly there did not appear to be a close correlation with encoded toxin type and disease phenotype. Furthermore, genomic analysis indicated significant horizontal gene transfer events as defined by presence of prophage genomes, and notably absence of CRISPR defence systems in >70% (40/56) of the strains. In relation to antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, tetracycline resistance genes (tet) and anti-defensins genes (mprF) were consistently detected in silico (tet: 75%; mprF: 100%). However, pre-antibiotic era strain genomes did not encode for tet, thus implying antimicrobial selective pressures in C. perfringens evolutionary history over the past 80 years. This study provides new genomic understanding of this genetically divergent multi-host bacterium, and further expands our knowledge on this medically and veterinary important pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors

et al. 2017

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“…C. sordellii may be associated with tissue inflammatory response, severe hypotension, shock, endometritis, fulminant toxic shock syndrome, arthritis, pericarditis and pleuropneumonia [10][11][12][13][14]. C. septicum has been reported to cause emphysematous aortitis, sepsis with meningitis, colon carcinoma and hematological malignancies [15][16][17] and C. bifermentans was cultured from empyema [18].…”

Section: Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gas gangrene-forming Clostridium spp. clinical isolates from South-Eastern Hungary

Sárvári

Schoblocher

2019

Infectious Diseases

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Introduction: Clostridium perfringens and other gas gangrene-forming clostridia are commensals of the human gut and vaginal microbiota, but can cause serious or even fatal infections. As there are relatively few published studies on antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria, we decided to perform a 10-year retrospective study in a SouthEastern Hungarian clinical centre. Methods: A total of 372 gas gangrene-forming Clostridium spp. were isolated from clinically relevant samples and identified with rapid ID 32A (bioM erieux, France) and MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltinics, Germany) methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined with E-tests. Results: We identified 313 C. perfringens, 20 C. septicum, 10 C. sordellii, 10 C. sporogenes, 9 C. tertium, 6 C. bifermentans, 4 C. histolyticum isolates. In C. perfringens isolates, the rate of penicillin resistance was 2.6% and the rate of clindamycin resistance 3.8%. Penicillin resistance was found in 6.8% and clindamycin resistance in 8.5% of the non-perfringens Clostridium spp. isolates. Conclusion: The antibiotic susceptibility of C. perfringens isolates was in good agreement with previous publications. The rates of resistance to penicillin and clindamycin were very low. The resistance rates of non-perfringens Clostridium spp. isolates were higher than those of C. perfringens strains, but lower than those published in the literature.

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“…The frequency of C bifermentans causing human infection is quite rare; our search of PubMed revealed only 13 prior case reports. Sites of infection are diverse (Table 1 ) [ 2 – 14 ]. Of these prior reported cases, only 1 infection, presenting with necrotizing pneumonia and empyema, was fatal [ 5 ] (7.7% case fatality rate).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Spontaneous Clostridium bifermentans Necrotizing Endometritis: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Pathogen

Hale

Albrecht

2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Empyema Caused by Clostridium bifermentans: A Case Report

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors

Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors

The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gas gangrene-forming Clostridium spp. clinical isolates from South-Eastern Hungary

Fatal Spontaneous Clostridium bifermentans Necrotizing Endometritis: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Pathogen

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