“…The frame he chose rests on the dynamic of two classical Chinese concepts – xu and shi . This pair permeates nearly every aspect of Chinese life and art, but defies literal translation, for xu could mean ‘void, empty, unreal, absent, figurative, insubstantial or imaginary’, and shi ‘solid, full, real, present, concrete or substantial’ (Kuo 2015: 329). Their interplay, suggested in some of the Chinese elements Zhang merges into the film – performance, martial arts, literature, painting, Chan Buddhism and Confucianism (Zhongshengzhisheng 2021) – prevails in the overall visual design and action sequences of the film, as will be discussed below.…”