Empowerment, Constraint, and the Entrepreneurial Self: A Study of White Women Entrepreneurs

Gill, Rosalind; Ganesh, Shiv

doi:10.1080/00909880701434265

Cited by 87 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The majority of informants stated that they had experienced lack of financial support. This supports previous research which has found that obtaining banking finance can affect women's potential to become successful entrepreneurs (Gill & Ganesh, 2007).…”

Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Exploring the Possible Influence of Women’s Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on Their Decision to Opt Out from Organizational Career to Self-Employment

Edawati¹,

Farida²

2018

JCSHD

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The purpose of this study is to explore the possible influence of women’s entrepreneurial orientations (EO) on their decision to opt out from organizational careers to self-employment. It examines how women account for these transitions, reasons for opting for self-employment and experiences of self-employment. This research employs the qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews as the main data collection tool. The study revealed that the entrepreneurial orientations of the women under study are commonly associated with the generally successful entrepreneurial behaviour of risk-taking, creative, proactive, competitive, aggressive and confidence. This suggests that enterprises and their women owners may benefit from efforts to increase their levels of entrepreneurial orientation in order to survive the dynamic, fast-paced and complex business environment characterized by shorter life cycles, globalization, and continuous improvements in technology. Hence for the women under study with higher entrepreneurial orientation levels, their transitions from their organizational career to self-employment or small business ownership are seen as attractive career moves. Keywords: Women’s careers, entrepreneurial orientation, opting out

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Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Exploring the Possible Influence of Women’s Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on Their Decision to Opt Out from Organizational Career to Self-Employment

Edawati¹,

Farida²

2018

JCSHD

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“…This limited mobility in relations to patriarchal practices has been widely documented in other countries such as Pakistan, India and Africa (Rehman and Roomi 2012). In many cases, scholars argue whether this constrained access would really empower women (Gill and Ganesh 2007). Other than seeking permission, family obligations and the primary responsibility for children, home and older dependent family members also restrict women's mobility in entrepreneurship (Kain and Sharma 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Bargaining with Patriarchy” and Entrepreneurship: Narratives of Malay Muslim Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

Selamat¹,

Endut²

2020

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Achieving gender equality and women's empowerment is integral to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and it has been emphasised that women have a key role in achieving SDGs. Towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, what is the reality of gender equality in women's entrepreneurship? The Malaysian government has provided various platforms to increase women's participation in entrepreneurship. However, the relatively meagre research exploring the lived experiences of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia where patriarchy is strongly embedded in the society has created a big gap in the literature. By using the gender lens and Kandiyoti's concept of bargaining patriarchy, this article explores how women entrepreneurs are constantly negotiating and at the same time conforming to patriarchal norms to earn their own "space and freedom" in running and managing their business activities. Ten women entrepreneurs of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) were interviewed. It is revealed that women entrepreneurs have to constantly juggle their time between performing their domestic duties and their entrepreneurship through constant negotiation with the patriarchal norms. This study offers new insights on negotiating patriarchy used by the women entrepreneurs as a strategy to run their business activities. The gender lens used managed to unravel the fact that Malay Muslim women entrepreneurs are not just Nor Hafizah Selamat and Noraida Endut 12 passive recipients of patriarchal norms, but consciously and constantly strategise and negotiate their way within the constraints of living in a patriarchal society.

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“…Measures supporting entrepreneurship among women have been linked to fostering economic empowerment (Morokvasic, ; Gill and Ganesh, ). The examination of the trajectories of the Latin American immigrant women presented in this article challenge the claim that entrepreneurship per se will enable women entrepreneurs to engage in trajectories that provide self‐realization and independence.…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain

Villares-Varela

2017

International Migration

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This article analyses how the gendered and classed positions of migrant women explain the meanings of becoming an entrepreneur and the role of their spouses in their occupational trajectories. Using a translocational positionality approach, the article challenges the claim that women escape patriarchal domination by establishing their own businesses. The narratives of 35 Latin American women entrepreneurs in Spain reveal that becoming an entrepreneur is conditioned by class‐based ideas of masculinity and femininity. I argue that middle‐class Latin American immigrant women become entrepreneurs to promote their spouse's career advancement while conforming to class‐based norms of femininity. In contrast, lower class Latin American women view the business as a space of autonomy and occupational upward mobility that nevertheless also complies with working‐class definitions of femininity. The policy implications of these findings relate to making class aspirations central to the support of labour market integration and empowerment of migrant women.

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Empowerment, Constraint, and the Entrepreneurial Self: A Study of White Women Entrepreneurs

Cited by 87 publications

References 34 publications

Exploring the Possible Influence of Women’s Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on Their Decision to Opt Out from Organizational Career to Self-Employment

Exploring the Possible Influence of Women’s Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on Their Decision to Opt Out from Organizational Career to Self-Employment

“Bargaining with Patriarchy” and Entrepreneurship: Narratives of Malay Muslim Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

Negotiating class, femininity and career: Latin American migrant women entrepreneurs in Spain

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