Empowering rural women in Pakistan: empirical evidence from Southern Punjab

haq, Muhammad Abrar ul; Jali, Mohd Razani Mohd; Islam, Gazi Md Nural

doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0365-7

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Total numbers of household members are positively related with awareness and self-confidence while negatively associated with work status, decision making and self-esteem. Akram [26] and Abrar-ul-Haq, Jali [28] predicted a negative relationship between women empowerment and household size, higher number of household members have a negative impact on the women empowerment. Every member in the family have his shown views and different thinking and every one tries to contribute in decision making that ultimately affect the women empowerment in a negative way.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Women belonging to the female-headed households have been observed to be associated with high [19,27] and low [25] women empowerment. Household size is found to be negatively related to women empowerment [26,28]. Women empowerment has known to be positively affiliated with the wealth status of household [23,24,26,29] and adjust our determinants of women empowerment as women' characteristics, husband's characteristics, head of household, children and household's characteristics.…”

Section: Women Empowerment As a Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimensions and Determinants of Women Empowerment in Developing Countries

Soharwardi¹,

Ahmad²

2020

IJSDP

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This study is an attempt to construct a women empowerment index using multi-dimensional factors in the context of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women's living conditions at household level. The secondary objective of the study is also to measure the contribution of each factor towards the level of women empowerment. We have employed data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 38 developing economies on evermarried women in the age of 15-49. Five broad dimensions of women empowerment are created using 19 indicators from DHS that are related to the women empowerment. These five dimensions are; (i) women's work status, (ii) awareness, (iii) participation in decision making, (iv) self-esteem and, (v) self-confidence and multiple regression analysis are used for the estimation of empirical mode. The study finds that women's characteristics, primarily higher education and women's health, husband higher education, husband employment status and household wealth are positively associated with work status, awareness, decision making, selfesteem and self-confidence. Age difference younger than husband have positive association with works status, awareness, self-confidence while have negative association with selfesteem. Further, the number of children alive above five years and the number of children ever born also have significant impact on the women's empowerment. Similarly, age of head of household, gender of head of household, household size, and locality showed significant affect on the women empowerment in the sampled developing economies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Women Empowerment As a Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions and Determinants of Women Empowerment in Developing Countries

Soharwardi¹,

Ahmad²

2020

IJSDP

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“…In the rural areas, poverty is more severe, and above all, most of the rural households are badly affected by it. Besides, poverty has some multidimensional characteristics especially in the rural areas (Abrar-ul-Haq, Jali, & Islam, 2016b); for example, it is not only chronic but also structural for its appearance in ordinary social and demographic characteristics, for instance, substandard housing, low life expectancy, lack of education, malnutrition, and no market access as well as no access to clean drinking water (Alkire, Chatterjee, Conconi, Seth, & Vaz, 2014). It could be caused by low level of income and deficiency of balanced income sources in rural areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Household empowerment as the key to eradicate poverty incidence

haq

Jali

Islam

2018

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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The current study aimed to investigate how the household empowerment can potentially reduce the rural poverty incidence. The data were collected through multistage random sampling from the rural households of 24 villages in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 600 households were selected as sample pool. Face‐to‐face interviews with the household heads were conducted. The household empowerment was measured through an index that was adopted from Abrar‐ul‐haq (“An assessment of the role of household empowerment in alleviating poverty in Southern Punjab, Pakistan” (Ph.D. Dissertation), School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 2017). The binary logit model was used to analyze the impact of household empowerment with other control variables on poverty incidence. The results of the current study confirm the negative nexus between household empowerment and poverty incidence of rural households as the study reported that the probabilities (odds ratio: 0.877) of being poor are reduced by increasing the empowerment (in every aspect, economically, politically, and socially) of the households, and the results are statistically significant at the 1% level of significance. Based on empirical results, this study suggests that household empowerment has significant potential to reduce poverty incidence in the rural areas of Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

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“…The possibilities, education, and family structures for women play an important role in women's empowerment in the case of southern Punjab. Academic levels are the main contributors to increased freedom of movement and empowerment of women (Baig et al, 2018;Abrar-ul-haq et al, 2017). Women in northern Punjab still face many aspects of the problem but to a smaller extent than in southern Punjab, including gender discrimination, wage differential, harassment, and social threats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nexus Between Household Characteristics and Women’s Empowerment: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

Batool

Anwar

Asghar

et al. 2021

HSSR

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Purpose of the study: The empowerment of women is an important aim for them to be fully engaged in economic life and to achieve sustainable growth worldwide. One form of empowerment is to provide women with basic facilities. Methodology: The study also analyzed the impact on women's empowerment by primary data taken via multi-phase cluster sampling methods of household socio-economic and cultural characteristics in Punjab. Given the diversity of nature and context, the 6-dimensional empirical polychoric principles of empowering women generate a stringent cumulative index of women's autonomy. Main Findings: The empirical findings show that empowering women and their six-dimensional effects are positive for women's years and jobs, legal advertisements, health care institutions, social participation, safe, smooth surroundings, communication, politics and residential negative participation, unpaid housekeeping, and the fear of violence. The results show that women's empowerment is positive. Applications of this study: This study can be more effective in the manner that to offer women free advice about their rights through electronic media, the government should establish an integrated legal cell with the local government. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contribution in the field of women empowerment that how women can deal with legal advisory, to get jobs, protection in health and institutions.

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Empowering rural women in Pakistan: empirical evidence from Southern Punjab

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Dimensions and Determinants of Women Empowerment in Developing Countries

Dimensions and Determinants of Women Empowerment in Developing Countries

Household empowerment as the key to eradicate poverty incidence

A Nexus Between Household Characteristics and Women’s Empowerment: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan

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