Empoasca
(Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Abundance and Species Composition in Habitats Proximate to Alfalfa

Lamp, William O.; Morris, Marilyn J.; Armbrust, Edward J.

doi:10.1093/ee/18.3.423

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Leafhoppers were more numerous on minimally maintained sites and their abundance was lower on golf courses and other highly fertilized sites. Leafhopper abundance can fluctuate radically in response to physiological and mechanical events with populations ranging from high one week to near zero the next (Lamp et al 1989). We also observed this wide fluctuation in leafhopper abundance among sample sites, possibly because of mowing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Insect Pests and Arthropod Predators Associated with Tree-Turf Landscapes2

Dix

Baxendale

1997

Journal of Entomological Science

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Sweep-nets and pitfall traps were used to examine the distribution and dynamics of predominant predators and pests in turfgrass foliage in parks, golf courses and suburban/rural landscapes in 1991 and 1992. Araneae, Formicidae, and Coccinellidae were the most abundant predators in the sweeps, while Araneae, Formicidae, and) Carabidae were the most abundant predators in the pitfall traps. In both years, Araneae comprised over 60% of the total predators in the sweep samples. Formicidae (>70%) and Araneae (13–19%) were the most abundant arthropod predators in the pitfall samples. Cicadellidae, Chrysomelidae, and Orthoptera accounted for over 96% of the prey in the sweep samples, while Cicadellidae, Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), and Aphididae comprised over 90% of the prey in the pitfall samples. Abundance of predators and prey, and prey / predator ratios fluctuated with site, date, and distance from the trees. During the season, high prey / predator ratios usually preceded peak prey abundance in the sweep samples. Predators usually were more prevalent in sweep samples closer to tree borders, while prey populations tended to be higher at distances further from the tree borders. These results suggest that tree borders provide food, shelter, and refuge for predators during periods of environmental stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Insect Pests and Arthropod Predators Associated with Tree-Turf Landscapes2

Dix

Baxendale

1997

Journal of Entomological Science

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“…The potato leafhopper can live and reproduce on several weed species in or around M. sativa fields. The insect did not survive or reproduce as well on weeds as on M. sativa, suggesting that weeds were not likely to result in a buildup of populations (Lamp et al 1984a(Lamp et al , 1989. Weeds might act as refuges when M. sativa is cut and could serve to alter recolonization of the crop, reproduction, or dispersal of the insects.…”

Section: Phytophagous Pest Arthropods Use Weeds As Alternate Food Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most instances, maximum yield required control of weeds and insects, but the economic threshold levels were altered in relation to presence or absence of the other pest. The one case (Table 1) that did not fit this scenario was that of the effect of summer grasses on potato leafhoppers (Lamp et al 1984a(Lamp et al , 1985(Lamp et al , 1989, when the presence of weeds decreased the insect population and the level of damage sustained by M. sativa. The grass weeds are not suitable hosts for potato leafhoppers, and the insect seems to migrate away from grassy plots and thus decrease the population on M. sativa.…”

Section: Phytophagous Pest Arthropods Use Weeds As Alternate Food Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between weeds, arthropod pests, and their natural enemies in managed ecosystems

2000

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Interactions between weeds and arthropods occur frequently. This review covers the topic of weed/arthropod interactions, and provides the reader with access to literature in the subject area that is scattered in weed science, entomological, crop production, and ecological journals. We first analyze the current status of weed and arthropod management in the context of multidisciplinary integrated pest management (IPM). The remainder of the review is organized according to the mechanisms driving interactions. The first section deals with interactions driven by trophic relationships, and is subdivided into direct and indirect trophic interactions. Direct trophic interactions occur when pest or beneficial arthropods feed directly on weeds. Indirect trophic interactions occur when arthropod feeding damage to crops impacts weeds through alteration of ecosystem resource availability, or through weeds serving as hosts for alternate prey for beneficial arthropods, or via tritrophic interactions. The second mechanism driving interactions is considered in relation to alteration of the physical habitat by the presence of weeds, such as alteration of temperature within the plant canopy. The third major mechanism driving interactions is based on control tactics for the two types of pests. These are considered from the aspect of direct physical effects, such as tillage, and from the aspect of interactions resulting from the use of pesticides. The latter is divided into direct effects of herbicides and insecticides on non-target pests and beneficials, and on interactions that result from alteration of host plant physiology by pesticides. A conclusion section attempts to place the impact of interactions into an IPM framework, and to indicate where multidisciplinary research involving weed and arthropod management should be focused in the future.

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“…Potato leafhopper adults can survive on >200 different plant species (Lamp et al 1984), and leafhopper numbers can fluctuate widely in a particular habitat (Lamp et al 1989). When host plants become unsuitable or are removed during cutting, adults migrate to other hosts, including weeds, deciduous trees, and other crop species (Lamp et al 1989, Flanders andRadcliffe 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

Roda¹,

Landis²,

Miller³

1997

Environmental Entomology

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Studies were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms leading to increased potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), emigration from alfalfa-forage grass mixtures. A laboratory behavioral bioassay was used to measure daily emigration rates of adult leafhoppers from alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.; smooth bromegrass, Bromus inennis Leyss.; orchardgrass, Dactylis glom.erata L.; and timothy. Phlewn pratense L., alone and in 1:1 mixtures of each grass with alfalfa. Emigration was "=9-foldgreater from pure bromegrass and orchardgrass treatments versus alfalfa alone, and "=5-foldgreater than from mixtures of alfalfa and each grass species. In a 2nd experiment, alfalfa and forage grasses were separated by a barrier permeable to plant volatiles. Only 31% of the potato leafhoppers placed on alfalfa adjacent to either alfalfa or grass emigrated. However, when introduced to the side containing a forage grass, <85% of the leafhoppers emigrated, regardless of adjacent plant. Thus, stimuli obtained from physical contact with the grass versus grass volatiles alone were required to elicit emigration. Observations of potato leafhoppers on single plants of smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, and alfalfa revealed that individuals fed on all 3 species; however, the frequency and duration of probing differed as did mean residency time (10.7 h alfalfa, 7.5 h bromegrass, 5.9 h orchardgrass). These experiments suggested that physical contact is necessary to elicit emigration from grasses. By increasing emigration, alfalfa-forage grass mixtures may reduce potato leafhopper damage to alfalfa. Additionally,intercropping with forage grasses may lower the number of feeding bouts on alfalfa and reduce subsequent hopperbum.

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Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Abundance and Species Composition in Habitats Proximate to Alfalfa

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Insect Pests and Arthropod Predators Associated with Tree-Turf Landscapes2

Insect Pests and Arthropod Predators Associated with Tree-Turf Landscapes2

Interactions between weeds, arthropod pests, and their natural enemies in managed ecosystems

Contact-Induced Emigration of Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Alfalfa–Forage Grass Mixtures

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