Employment policies and changing standards: A European comparison

Risk of Social Exclusion and Resources of Young NEETs

“…These young people who reject the "functional role" of training and labour market participation are thought to be at the highest risk of social exclusion. This criticism is in line with a more general examination of the coming together between unemployment and inactivity, due to a deconstruction of the category of unemployed, which is not unique to France (Lefresne, 2005). For Coutrot & Exertier (2001), this coming together is the symptom of a decline in unemployment driven by British employment policy -which is replicated in European employment policy.…”

Nas margens do emprego, no centro da pandemia: experiências de desproteção e vulnerabilidade social no Grande Confinamento

“…Possui na sua génese um conjunto de causas interligadas, mais remotas (economia global, processos de liberalização, deslocalização de atividades produtivas, agenda neoliberal baseada na ultracompetição) ou mais próximas (cadeias produtivas perigosamente longas -como a pandemia evidenciou -, financeirização da economia, aceleração tecnológica, fragilização do movimento sindical). Simultaneamente, as políticas macroeconómicas abandonaram a ideia do pleno emprego, substituindo-a por uma conceção liberal de empregabilidade que, ao relativizar o direito ao emprego, conduziu a uma tendência para a responsabilização individual (Lefresne, 2005).…”

The Boundaries of Unemployment Institutional Rules and Real-Life Experiences

“…The erosion of employment standards and the growing 'precariousness of the labour contract' (Ghesquière, 2014) are powerful trends in Western societies. They take different forms depending on national trajectories (Lefresne, 2005), but atypical forms of work -compared to the Fordist model of wage employment -crop up everywhere: short-term contracts, part-time or segmented work, service contracts, multiple employer contracts, subleasing of employees, independent entrepreneurs working for a single contractor, solo work and even work in the informal labour market. All these developments have an impact on the institutional boundaries of unemployment.…”