“…Identifying predictors of employee withdrawal from the workplace is of particular interest to organizations, given the negative impact these behaviors have on employee performance and morale (Blau, ; Elicker, Foust, O'Malley, & Levy, ; Koslowsky, Sagie, Krausz, & Singer, ) as well as on the organization's bottom line (Armes, ; Sagie, Birati, & Tziner, ; Stewart, Ricci, Chee, Hahn, & Morganstein, ). To illustrate, tardiness is estimated to cost upwards of three billion dollars each year (DeLonzor, ), and absenteeism can cost up to 15 percent of an organization's total salary costs (Navarro & Bass, ).…”