Empirically based development of a framework for advancing and stimulating collaboration in the chemical industry (ASC): creating sustainable chemical industrial parks

Industrial Symbiosis, Networking and Innovation: The Potential Role of Innovation Poles

“…This aspect, analyzed in relation to the potential of IS development, highlights positive and negative areas for reflection. According to the literature [80], a certain level of internal homogeneity ensures the availability of materials useful to IS (such as by-products, waste) in a higher amount, as produced from a higher number of companies, and this can help to overcome some "scale" limitations. Other positive elements are represented by the possibility of knowledge sharing and the development of common management solutions to two or more companies.…”

“…Other positive elements are represented by the possibility of knowledge sharing and the development of common management solutions to two or more companies. On the other hand, a high level of internal homogeneity in the network can reduce the chances of input/output matching, since the involved organizations in the IS have similar flows [80]; indeed, in some cases, a certain level of diversity among the involved firms is fundamental to allow symbiotic exchanges [81]. Some of the limits connected to the sectoral homogeneity could be addressed by promoting inter-IPs synergies.…”

What determines carpooling to workplaces in Belgium: location, organisation, or promotion?

“…However, the clustering of businesses in e.g. chemical industrial parks (Reniers et al, 2010) creates the opportunity to invest in bus services as can be observed in the Antwerp port area where large chemical companies have established an extensive network of bus routes. When scale effects are absent, carpooling might be preferred over collective transport.…”

The potential of Industrial Ecology in agri-food clusters (AFCs): A case study based on valorisation of auxiliary materials

“…chemical manufacturers) have specific advantages in developing an IS; others state that greater internal heterogeneity increases the chance of finding suitable partners for exchange relationships. Reniers et al (2010), Sterr and Ott (2004) iv) Active participation of the local community and stakeholders.…”