Empirical Study on Incidence of Long-term Care Insurance

Sakai, Tadashi; Kazekami, Sachiko

doi:10.4091/iken.16.285

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…In the short run (as in our study), however, it is very difficult to separate the change in wages caused by cost-shifting from the change in wages caused by broader macroeconomic trends or temporary shocks to the national economy. Natural experiments could be used for better identification, for example, comparing wages before and after the social security tax is levied on the employer as in Gruber (1997) or comparing the wages of employees aged more than 40 and others before and after the introduction of LTCI in 2000 as in Sakai and Kazekami (2007). A. Yoshida and Y. Tsuruta: Japanese Health Insurance Societies represent the effects of changes in the total premium rate caused by the changes to demand from changes in health services coverage or the co-payment determined by the government.…”

Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Japanese Health Insurance Societies Finance Their Contributions to the Health Service Systems for the Elderly?*

Yoshida

Tsuruta

2012

Japanese Economic Review

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We examine how Japanese health insurance societies finance (or distribute) the costs (or cost savings) from an increase (or decrease) in contributions to the Health Service Systems for the Elderly. Three ways are possible: (i) adjusting the premiums of the employee or employer; (ii) providing an optional benefit; and (iii) adjusting reserves by the change in contribution. We find that more than six‐sevenths of the changes are associated with changes in reserves, followed by premiums, and finally optional benefits. The increase in the premium mostly shifted to employees, while employees enjoyed a nearly 60% decrease in total premium.

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Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Japanese Health Insurance Societies Finance Their Contributions to the Health Service Systems for the Elderly?*

Yoshida

Tsuruta

2012

Japanese Economic Review

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The effects of raising the long‐term care insurance co‐payment rate on the utilization of long‐term care services

Soga

Murata

Maeda

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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AimThe effect of raising insurance co‐payment rates on healthcare service utilization in Japan remains unclear. In this study, we utilized patient‐level long‐term care (LTC) insurance claims data to analyze these effects.MethodsClaims data were obtained on individuals certified as requiring LTC in City A and City B, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan during August 2014–July 2016. Individuals whose LTC insurance co‐payment rate increased from 10% to 20% in August 2015 were regarded as high‐income individuals; individuals whose co‐payment rate remained at 10% were regarded as non–high‐income individuals. We examined the changes in LTC service utilization between high‐income individuals and non–high‐income individuals during the study period. Monthly LTC insurance charges were analyzed to evaluate service utilization. We created monthly panel data for the study participants, and quantified the differences in LTC service utilization before and after August 2015 between the high‐income and non–high‐income groups. Care needs levels and age were included as covariates in a fixed‐effects model.ResultsThe sample comprised 7711 individuals (1000 high‐income individuals and 6711 non–high‐income individuals) in City A and 647 individuals (84 high‐income individuals and 563 non–high‐income individuals) in City B. After adjusting for care needs levels and age, the co‐payment rate increase was associated with reductions in monthly LTC insurance charges of $34.3 (P < 0.001) in City A and $91.0 (P = 0.022) in City B.ConclusionThe increase in co‐payment rate for high‐income individuals in August 2015 negatively affected their utilization of LTC services. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.

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A Reappraisal of the Incidence of Employer Contributions to Social Security in Japan

Hamaaki

Iwamoto

2010

Japanese Economic Review

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This paper reappraises Tachibanaki and Yokoyama (2008)-an empirical analysis indicating no apparent backward shifting of employer social insurance contributions-by modifying their empirical strategy. First, we control for a spurious positive correlation between wages and employers' contribution rates by trend variables. Second, we utilize a cross-sectional variation in the contribution rate of workers' compensation insurance. Third, we exclude two industries from our sample to remove sampling errors in wages.Our results indicate that the social insurance burden shifts back onto employees to some extent, contrary to Tachibanaki and Yokoyama (2008). Our finding is consistent with other existing studies.j ere_494 427..441 JEL Classification Numbers: H55, H22, J38.

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Empirical Study on Incidence of Long-term Care Insurance

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

How Do Japanese Health Insurance Societies Finance Their Contributions to the Health Service Systems for the Elderly?*

How Do Japanese Health Insurance Societies Finance Their Contributions to the Health Service Systems for the Elderly?*

The effects of raising the long‐term care insurance co‐payment rate on the utilization of long‐term care services

A Reappraisal of the Incidence of Employer Contributions to Social Security in Japan

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