Empirical status of cognitive theory of depression.

Haaga, David A. F.; Dyck, Murray James; Ernst, Donald

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.215

Cited by 500 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…This claim has been supported by empirical studies that examined the association between cognitive errors and depressed mood (e.g. Deal and Williams, 1988;Haaga et al, 1991). CEQ scores also positively correlated with the PDI-21 scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Rodier

Prévost

Renoult

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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Emotional distress and reasoning biases are two factors known to contribute to delusions. As a step towards elucidating mechanisms underlying delusions, the main aim of this study was to evaluate a possible "jumping to new conclusions" reasoning bias in healthy people with delusional ideation and its association with emotions. We surveyed 80 healthy participants, measuring levels of depression, anxiety, cognitive error and delusional ideation. Participants completed two versions of the beads task to evaluate their reasoning style. Results showed that people with delusional ideation reached a conclusion after less information, as expected. Interestingly, they also tended to change their conclusions more often than people without delusional ideation and did so with greater conviction. Depression and cognitive errors were strong predictors of delusional ideation but not of reasoning style. We conclude that delusional ideation in non-psychotic individuals is independently predicted by depressive symptoms and by a high conviction in new conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…You think to yourself, "I couldn't learn skiing, so I doubt if I can learn to play tennis." This bias is associated with depression (Deal and Williams, 1988;Haaga et al, 1991). Surprisingly, no previous studies have assessed whether this tendency is more frequent in people with delusions or with delusional ideation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Rodier

Prévost

Renoult

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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“…In reviewing the empirical status of these hypotheses, Haaga et al (1991) found substantial support for them by past research. Specifically, those who have more dysfunctional cognitions are more likely to be unhappy or depressed than those who have fewer such cognitions (Crandell & Chambless, 1986;Dobson & Shaw, 1986).…”

Section: Relevant Theory and Past Research Cognitive Theory Of Depresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similarly, the automaticity of cognitive processes has been upheld (Bargh & Tota, 1988;Wenzlaff, Wegner, & Roper, 1988). Haaga et al (1991) review a large number of studies supporting another assumption, that dysfunctional cognitions lead to depression or unhappiness.…”

Section: Relevant Theory and Past Research Cognitive Theory Of Depresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction.

Judge

Locke²

1993

Journal of Applied Psychology

278

209

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Although the dispositional approach to job satisfaction has received a good deal of recent attention, a fundamental deficiency in past dispositional research is a failure to use existing theories to explain why individuals are unhappy and dissatisfied with their jobs. E. A. Locke (1976), T. A. Judge (1992), and T. A. Judge and C. L. Hulin (in press) suggested that thinking processes should be studied in relation to job satisfaction. This study tested the thesis that the cognitive theory of depression, which focuses on individuals' thought processes, will help in understanding both subjective well-being and job satisfaction. A confirmatory model involving subjective well-being, job satisfaction, dysfunctional thought processes, and other relevant influences was hypothesized and tested by using a stratified random sample of university employees. Ratings were obtained from 2 sources to reduce single-source bias. The results indicated strong support for the overall model and for the adverse effect of dysfunctional thought processes.

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“…In Beck's cognitive model of depression, negative beliefs about the self, the world, and the future are at the core of depression, whereas the reformulated learned helplessness theory emphasizes the importance of a pessimistic attributional style, defined as interpreting negative events as internal, stable, and global. Numerous studies have shown that depressed individuals are characterized by increased dysfunctional attitudes (Haaga et al, 1991), whereas relatively fewer studies have investigated the impact of positive biases such as increased optimism about the future (Taylor and Brown, 1988) on mood and dysfunctional cognitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a best-possible-self mental imagery exercise on mood and dysfunctional attitudes

Renner

Schwarz

Peters

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tDispositional optimism has been related to positive physical and mental health outcomes, increased positive mood ratings and cognitions about the future. In order to determine the causal relation between optimism and mood and cognitions optimism should be manipulated experimentally. The current study tested the effects of a best-possible-self mental imagery exercise on affect and mood ratings and dysfunctional cognitions following a sad mood induction in undergraduate students (N ¼40). Participants in the experimental condition wrote about their best possible self in the future for 15 min and engaged in a mental imagery task about their best possible self in the future for 5 min in order to experimentally induce optimism. Participants in the control condition wrote about a typical day for 15 min and engaged in mental imagery about a typical day for 5 min. We assessed affect, mood and dysfunctional cognitions before and after the experimental manipulation. Participants in the experimental condition had higher positive mood ratings and higher positive affect compared to participants in the control condition. Participants in the control condition reported decreased dysfunctional cognitions whereas dysfunctional cognitions in the experimental group remained unchanged. Future studies should replicate these findings in clinical groups with more profound levels of negative affect and dysfunctional cognitions.

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Empirical status of cognitive theory of depression.

Cited by 500 publications

References 220 publications

Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Healthy people with delusional ideation change their mind with conviction

Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction.

Effects of a best-possible-self mental imagery exercise on mood and dysfunctional attitudes

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