Empirical Scanning Analysis of Censys and Shodan

Abstract

Engines that scan Internet-connected devices allow for fast retrieval of useful information regarding said devices, and their running services. Examples of such engines include Censys and Shodan. We present a snapshot of our in-progress effort towards the characterization and systematic evaluation of such engines, herein focusing on results obtained from an empirical study that sheds light on several aspects. These include: the freshness of a result obtained from querying Censys and Shodan, the resources they consume from the scanned devices, and several interesting operational differences between engines observed from the network edge. Preliminary results confirm that the information retrieved from both engines can reflect updates within 24 hours, which aligns with implicit usage expectations in recent literature. The results also suggest that the consumed resources appear insignificant for common Internet applications, e.g., one full application-layer connection (banner grab) per port, per day. Results so far highlight the value of such engines to the research community.

Um Arcabouço para Processamento Escalável de Vulnerabilidades e Caracterização de Riscos à Conformidade da LGPD

“…Com o tempo, outras soluc ¸ões como o Censys e o ZoomEye surgiram, e embora tenham tido motivac ¸ões diferentes, hoje em dia, eles vêm se convergindo em aspectos de funcionalidades. Atualmente, a distribuic ¸ão geográfica dos IPs sondados, o intervalo de portas e, por sua vez, os tipos de aplicac ¸ões detectadas são as principais diferenc ¸as de funcionalidades [Li et al 2020, Bennett et al 2021.…”