Empirical Models for the Realistic Generation of Cooperative Awareness Messages in Vehicular Networks

Molina-Masegosa, Rafael; Sepulcre, Miguel; Gozálvez, Javier; Berens, F.; Martinez, Vincent

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2979232

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The implemented models are described in the following sub-sections and their characteristics are summarized in Table I. Following complete empirical CAM model in [26] Following complete empirical CAM model in [26] Empiricalsize…”

Section: Tr1 Tr2 Tr3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An accurate evaluation of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X requires the use of a CAM generation model that accurately represents the variation in size and time between messages included in the CAM format and generation rules specified by ETSI. To this aim, this study utilizes a realistic CAM generation model presented in [26]. This model was derived from a set of empirical measurements collected by two OEMs that implemented the ETSI CAM standard in their on-board units.…”

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model produces CAM messages with variable size and time between messages following the mobility-based rules specified in ETSI. In particular, we utilize the Volkswagen-Highway empirical model reported in [26] and provided open-source by the authors. We refer to this model as the Empirical CAM model.…”

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is based on mth order Markov sources and models the size of CAMs and the time interval between CAMs. The model is able to capture the cross-correlation present between the size of each CAM and the time interval to the next CAM as demonstrated in [26]. The model also models the correlation existing between the current CAM and the previous five CAMs [26].…”

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is able to capture the cross-correlation present between the size of each CAM and the time interval to the next CAM as demonstrated in [26]. The model also models the correlation existing between the current CAM and the previous five CAMs [26]. The model follows the CAM standard and therefore checks every T_CheckCamGen whether a CAM message should be generated.…”

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size

2020

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V2X (Vehicle to everything) communications can be currently supported by standards based on IEEE 802.11p (e.g. DSRC or ITS-G5) or LTE-V2X (also known as Cellular V2X or C-V2X) technologies. There has been an intense debate in the community on which technology achieves best performance. However, existing studies do not take into account the variability present in the generation and size of V2X messages. This variability can significantly impact the operation and performance of the Medium Access Control (MAC). This study progresses the state of the art by conducting an in-depth evaluation of both technologies under different message traffic patterns. In particular, we consider aperiodic and periodic messages of constant or variable size based on the standardized ETSI Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). This study considers different scenarios and possible configurations of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X. We demonstrate that IEEE 802.11p can better cope with variations in the size and time interval between messages. We also demonstrate (and characterize) that the LTE-V2X sensing-based semipersistent scheduling faces certain inefficiencies when transmitting aperiodic messages of variable size. These inefficiencies result in that IEEE 802.11p generally outperforms LTE-V2X when transmitting aperiodic messages of variable size except when the channel load is very low.

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Section: Tr1 Tr2 Tr3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size

2020

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Securing Level Crossings with Edge Infrastructure and V2X Communications: A High-Performance Solution

Dardour,

Marouane,

Mosbah

et al. 2024

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Improving Emergency Response: An In-Depth Analysis of an ITS-G5 Messaging Strategy for Bus Blockage Emergencies at Level Crossings

Dardour,

Mosbah,

Ahmed

2024

J Netw Syst Manage

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The Intelligent Transportation System protocol stack (ITS-G5/802.11p) has revolutionized traffic efficiency and road safety applications in vehicular environments. This study presents a novel architecture for communications, utilizing IPv4 multicast over 802.11p/ETSI ITS-G5, which addresses the challenges of a specific urban use case involving a Level Crossing (LC) in Bordeaux. Our proposed architecture focuses on the broadcast of Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) to enhance road user safety. To prevent accidents, an algorithm for CAM and DENM dissemination has been devised, ensuring timely alerts for sudden vehicle blockage emergencies. Moreover, a comprehensive and optimized train braking strategy is introduced to further minimize accident risks. This strategy aims to provide efficient and timely train deceleration, allowing sufficient time for road users to clear the level crossing and mitigating the potential for collisions. To evaluate the system's performance, we analyze key metrics, including End-to-End (E2E) delay and Packet Reception Ratio (PRR). Furthermore, our work includes a comparative analysis between our proposed edge-server-based architecture and a cloud-based architecture. This analysis provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Through comprehensive experimentation and evaluation, our proposed approach demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness in mitigating accidents and enhancing road safety. By leveraging the capabilities of ITS-G5, our research contributes to the advancement of communication systems for intelligent transportation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future deployments and improvements in urban environments, fostering safer and more reliable transportation systems.

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Empirical Models for the Realistic Generation of Cooperative Awareness Messages in Vehicular Networks

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size

Comparison of IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V2X: An Evaluation With Periodic and Aperiodic Messages of Constant and Variable Size

Securing Level Crossings with Edge Infrastructure and V2X Communications: A High-Performance Solution

Improving Emergency Response: An In-Depth Analysis of an ITS-G5 Messaging Strategy for Bus Blockage Emergencies at Level Crossings

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