Empirical Model of the Location of the Main Ionospheric Trough

Variations in the Winter Troughs' Position With Local Time, Longitude, and Solar Activity in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

“…It is clear that the pattern in the Southern Hemisphere is much more complicated, and it cannot be described by a single analytic formula even approximately. This shows the comparison with the model (Deminov & Shubin, ). The difference between this model and CHAMP data can reach 7°.…”

“…However, such attempts are still being made. Consider the latest analytical model of the MIT position (Deminov & Shubin, ), which is most carefully constructed because it is based on a large CHAMP dataset. It takes into account the longitudinal effect, unchanged for all hours of local time, and ignores the dependence on solar activity.…”

“…The data are reduced to Kp = 2. The thin curves show the model position of the auroral oval, the thick curves are polynomial approximation of the third degree, and the dashed curves present the model (Deminov & Shubin, ).…”

Analyzing Existing Applied Models of the Ionosphere to Calculate Radio Wave Propagation and a Possibility of Their Use for Radar-Tracking Systems. Ii. Domestic Models

“…The fact is that by now the physical processes that determine the behavior of the electron density N e are well known, in any case at heights h ≤ 500-600 km, and there is quite extensive experimental data obtained by radiophysical methods, as well as with missiles and satellites. All this served as the basis for developing a set of theoretical, empirical, semi-empirical ionospheric models of varying complexity and purpose in Russia (USSR) (see, e.g., [Danilov, 1967, 1981, Polyakov et al, 1968Ivanov-Kholodny, Nikolsky, 1969;Danilov, Vlasov, 1973;Gershman, 1974;Ionospheric models 1975;Chavdarov et al, 1975;Gershman et al, 1976;Andriyako et al, 1978;Kozlov et al, 1978Kozlov et al, , 2014Krinberg, 1978;Fatkullin, 1978Fatkullin, , 1982Ivanov-Kholodny, Nusinov, 1979;Namgaladze, 1979;Smirnova, Vlaskov, 1979;Ivanov-Kholodny, Mikhailov, 1980;Mizun, 1980Mizun, , 1983Fat-kullin et al, 1981;Koshelev et al, 1983;Krinberg, Tashchilin, 1984;Bryunelli, Namgaladze, 1988;Zevakina et al, 1990;Chasovitin et al, 1990;Shefov et al, 2006;Bekker et al, 2013Bekker et al, , 2017Lapshin et al, 2016a, b;Pavlov, Pavlova, 2016;Wang Zheng et al, 2017;Dashkevich et al, 2017;Krivolutsky et al, 2017;Bekker, 2018;Deminov, Shubin, 2018;Shubin, Deminov, 2019;Sergeenko, 2019]). It is not our task here to give an overview of published works, and the above list is far to be c...…”

Peculiarities of 630.0 and 557.7 nm emissions in the main ionospheric trough: March 17, 2015

“…1. Изменения: а -интенсивностей эмиссий 630.0 и 557.7 нм (черная и серая линии) в северном направлении, измеренных патрульным спектрографом 17 марта 2015 г.; б -SYM-H и Dst-индексов (черная и серая линии); висправленных геомагнитных широт φ‫׳‬ экваториальной границы зоны диффузных высыпаний (1), дна ГИП (2, 3) и плазмопаузы (4), определенных для меридиана 105° Е по моделям [Gussenhoven et al, 1983;Жеребцов и др., 1986;Deminov, Shubin, 2018;Moldwin et al, 2002] . Вертикальные линии отмечают начало и конец оптических наблюдений (12:00-22:30 UT 17 марта); горизонтальная -широту ГФО (Торы) Судя по результатам расчетов (рис.…”