Empirical Measurement and Analysis of I2P Routers

Liu, Peipeng; Li-hong, Wang; Tan, Qingfeng; Li, Quangang; Wang, Xuebin; Shi, Jinqiao

doi:10.4304/jnw.9.9.2269-2278

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 2014, Liu et al [40] reported that they could observe 25,640 peers per day over a period of two weeks using various methods to discover the network topology. However, there are some issues with the methodology that the authors used to collect RouterInfos, which we will discuss in later sections.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While previous works intensively crawled reseed servers and floodfill routers to harvest the netDb [40], we only monitor the network in a passive manner to avoid causing any interference or unnecessarily overloading any I2P peers. I2P can be launched in a virtual network mode for studies related to testing attacks on the network [33].…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tor developers can easily collect information about the network and even visualize it, as part of the Tor Metrics project [41]. In contrast, there have been very few studies attempting to measure the I2P network [19,40,68].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance

Hoang

Kintis

Antonakakis

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

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Tor and I2P are well-known anonymity networks used by many individuals to protect their online privacy and anonymity. Tor's centralized directory services facilitate the understanding of the Tor network, as well as the measurement and visualization of its structure through the Tor Metrics project. In contrast, I2P does not rely on centralized directory servers, and thus obtaining a complete view of the network is challenging. In this work, we conduct an empirical study of the I2P network, in which we measure properties including population, churn rate, router type, and the geographic distribution of I2P peers. We find that there are currently around 32K active I2P peers in the network on a daily basis. Of these peers, 14K are located behind NAT or firewalls.Using the collected network data, we examine the blocking resistance of I2P against a censor that wants to prevent access to I2P using address-based blocking techniques. Despite the decentralized characteristics of I2P, we discover that a censor can block more than 95% of peer IP addresses known by a stable I2P client by operating only 10 routers in the network. This amounts to severe network impairment: a blocking rate of more than 70% is enough to cause significant latency in web browsing activities, while blocking more than 90% of peer IP addresses can make the network unusable. Finally, we discuss the security consequences of the network being blocked, and directions for potential approaches to make I2P more resistant to blocking.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance

Hoang

Kintis

Antonakakis

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

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“…An investigation of I2P network found that approximately half of total I2P network nodes do not stay connected for longer than a week [13]. This behaviour suggests presence of large number of nodes that are running over residential DSL or mobile broadband connections, which would be unable to properly handle large number of P2P packets and therefore vulnerable to this kind of attack.…”

Section: F Locating I2p Node By Network Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The dark side of I2P, a forensic analysis case study

Bazli

Wilson

Hurst

2017

Systems Science & Control Engineering

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The dark side of I2P, a forensic analysis case study http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/9026/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. AbstractFile sharing applications, which operate as a form of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, are popular amongst users and developers due to their heterogeneity, decentralised approach and rudimentary deployment features. However, they are also used for illegal online activities and often are infested with malicious content such as viruses and contraband material. This brings new challenges to forensic investigations in detecting, retrieving and examining the P2P applications. Within the domain of P2P applications, the Invisible Internet Project (IP2) is used to allow applications to communicate anonymously. As such, this work discusses its use by network node operators and known attacks against privacy or availability of I2P routers. Specifically. We investigate the characteristics of I2P networks in order to outline the security flaws and the issues in detecting artefacts within the I2P. Furthermore, we present a discussion on new methods to detect the presence of I2P using forensic tools and reconstruct specificI2P activities using artefacts left over by network software.

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“…This paper introduces PET-Enabled Sidechain (PETES) as a new privacy enhancing technique for improving the privacy of cryptocurrency transactions by integrating the proposed PET functionality into a sidechain. Our PETES takes the advantage of both Onion Routing [10] and Garlic Routing [11] into a Garlic Onion Routing (GOR) technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Privacy Enhancing Techniques into Blockchains Using Sidechains

Parizi

Homayoun

Yazdinejad

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

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Blockchains are turning into decentralized computing platforms and are getting worldwide recognition for their unique advantages. There is an emerging trend beyond payments that blockchains could enable a new breed of decentralized applications, and serve as the foundation for Internet's security infrastructure. The immutable nature of the blockchain makes it a winner on security and transparency; it is nearly inconceivable for ledgers to be altered in a way not instantly clear to every single user involved. However, most blockchains fall short in privacy aspects, particularly in data protection. Garlic Routing and Onion Routing are two of major Privacy Enhancing Techniques (PETs) which are popular for anonymization and security. Garlic Routing is a methodology using by I2P Anonymous Network to hide the identity of sender and receiver of data packets by bundling multiple messages into a layered encryption structure. The Onion Routing attempts to provide lowlatency Internet-based connections that resist traffic analysis, deanonymization attack, eavesdropping, and other attacks both by outsiders (e.g. Internet routers) and insiders (Onion Routing servers themselves). As there are a few controversies over the rate of resistance of these two techniques to privacy attacks, we propose a PET-Enabled Sidechain (PETES) as a new privacy enhancing technique by integrating Garlic Routing and Onion Routing into a Garlic Onion Routing (GOR) framework suitable to the structure of blockchains. The preliminary proposed GOR aims to improve the privacy of transactions in blockchains via PETES structure.

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Empirical Measurement and Analysis of I2P Routers

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance

An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance

The dark side of I2P, a forensic analysis case study

Integrating Privacy Enhancing Techniques into Blockchains Using Sidechains

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