“…11 While ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation remains widely used in event studies, accumulating evidence from diagnostic tests suggests frequent violation of the assumptions on which it is based. In particular, serious problems of nonnormality can arise due to both excess kurtosis (for example, Chan and Lakonishok (1992) and Mills, Coutts and Roberts (1996)) and also skewness (for example, Brown and Warner (1985), Chan and Lakonishok (1992), Campbell and Wasley (1993) and Draper and Paudyal (1995)). Moreover, since in the present study we are estimating abnormal returns for individual companies and small portfolios only, we cannot rely on the helpful aggregation effects which can restore normality in event-study test statistics when these are averaged over larger samples of companies (Cable and Holland, 2000).…”