Empirical Geometrical Bounds on MIMO Antenna Arrays for Optimum Diversity Gain Performance: An Electromagnetic Design Approach

Analysis, Optimization, and Hardware Implementation of Dipole Antenna Array for Wireless Applications

“…In summary, Table 4 compares the introduced antenna design's performance with other published works [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As can be seen, this work meets the objective of steering the main beam in any direction in the horizontal plane.…”

“…However, this research investigates antenna array configurations rather than focusing on the performance of analog beamforming or antenna design. Many researchers investigate analog beamforming algorithms in terms of array performance [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. To date, there has been a lack of discussion in terms of the hardware implementation of the effectiveness of the proposed methods by the measurement results.…”

Simulation-Driven Antenna Modeling by Means of Response Features and Confined Domains of Reduced Dimensionality

“…The expenditures boost even further in the case of global optimization procedures. In fact, performing EM-driven antenna optimization with the use of the most popular population-based metaheuristics (particle swarm [20]- [25] or genetic algorithms [26], [27]) is usually very costly. As a consequence, an extensive research effort has been directed toward expediting the optimization procedures.…”

An Efficient Analytical Evaluation of the Electromagnetic Cross Correlation Green’s Function in MIMO Systems

“…Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. route), the concept of cross-correlation Green's functions (CGFs) was first introduced in [16], [17] and later elaborated for antenna design applications [30], [18]. A preliminary step of this CGF-based correlation calculation is to construct a suitable infinitesimal dipole model (IDM) for the radiating MIMO antenna current distribution (see [19]- [28] for detailed theory and applications of IDM).…”

“…Traditionally, this antenna spatial correlation performance is determined from a formula involving the radiation patterns of individual elements [10], which makes it very cumbersome to perform antenna current level optimization aiming at a desired diversity performance. To relate the antenna correlation directly to the radiating antenna current distribution (i.e., essentially bypassing altogether the original far-field pattern route), the concept of cross-correlation Green's functions (CGFs) was first introduced in [16], [17] and later elaborated for antenna design applications [30], [18]. A preliminary step of this CGF-based correlation calculation is to construct a suitable infinitesimal dipole model (IDM) for the radiating MIMO antenna current distribution (see [19]- [28] for detailed theory and applications of IDM).…”