Empirical formula for the concentration dependence of the conductivity of organic electrolytes for lithium power sources in the vicinity of a maximum

Shestakov, A. F.; Yudina, A. V.; Tulibaeva, G. Z.; Khatmullina, K. G.; Dorofeeva, T. V.; Yarmolenko, O. V.

doi:10.1134/s102319351411010x

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The concentration of lithium salt in electrolytes at which the maximum conductivity is reached varies from 0.5 to 1.0 M for different compositions. In [17], an empirical formula was developed to determine the optimal salt concentration of the electrolyte at which the maximum conductivity is achieved. For example, for LiClO 4 propylene carbonate solutions, this concentration is 0.5 M, while for the currently most used LiPF 6 solutions in mixed carbonate solvents, this concentration is 1.0 mol.…”

Section: Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solutions of LiBF 4 and LiClO 4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) were studied by highresolution 1 H, 7 Li, 11 B, 13 C, 17 O, 35 Cl NMR spectroscopy as model systems [120,121].…”

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4. 1 H, 7 Li, 35 Cl, 13 C, and 17 O NMR spectra of LiClO4-ethylene carbonate solutions [120]. Figure 4.…”

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4. 1 H, 7 Li, 35 Cl, 13 C, and 17 O NMR spectra of LiClO 4 -ethylene carbonate solutions [120]. 7 Li, 35 Cl, 13 C, and 17 O NMR spectra of LiClO4-ethylene carbonate solutions [120].…”

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5. Experimental 1 H, 7 Li, 19 F, 13 C, 17 O, and 11 B NMR spectra of a 0.66 molality solution of LiBF 4 in ethylene carbonate [121].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques

et al. 2022

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This review is devoted to different types of novel polymer electrolytes for lithium power sources developed during the last decade. In the first part, the compositions and conductivity of various polymer electrolytes are considered. The second part contains NMR applications to the ion transport mechanism. Polymer electrolytes prevail over liquid electrolytes because of their exploitation safety and wider working temperature ranges. The gel electrolytes are mainly attractive. The systems based on polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, etc., modified by nanoparticle (TiO2, SiO2, etc.) additives and ionic liquids are considered in detail. NMR techniques such as high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed-field gradient NMR applications are discussed. 1H, 7Li, and 19F NMR methods applied to polymer electrolytes are considered. Primary attention is given to the revelation of the ion transport mechanism. A nanochannel structure, compositions of ion complexes, and mobilities of cations and anions studied by NMR, quantum-chemical, and ionic conductivity methods are discussed.

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Section: Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solutions of LiBF 4 and LiClO 4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) were studied by highresolution 1 H, 7 Li, 11 B, 13 C, 17 O, 35 Cl NMR spectroscopy as model systems [120,121].…”

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4. 1 H, 7 Li, 35 Cl, 13 C, and 17 O NMR spectra of LiClO4-ethylene carbonate solutions [120]. Figure 4.…”

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmr Of Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5. Experimental 1 H, 7 Li, 19 F, 13 C, 17 O, and 11 B NMR spectra of a 0.66 molality solution of LiBF 4 in ethylene carbonate [121].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques

et al. 2022

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Perspectives on Working Voltage of Aqueous Supercapacitors

Guo

Zhou

Pang

et al. 2022

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Aqueous supercapacitors have the superiorities of high safety, environmental friendliness, inexpensive, etc. High energy density supercapacitors are not conducive to manufacturing due to the limitation of water thermodynamic decomposition potential, resulting in a narrow working voltage window. To address such challenges, a great endeavor has started to investigate high voltage aqueous supercapacitors as well as making some progress. This review summarizes key strategies regarding the realization of wide working voltage of aqueous supercapacitors and analyzes the involved mechanism, including the optimization of electrodes, electrolytes, diaphragms, and supercapacitor structures. From the perspective of extending the theoretical voltage window, electrode functionalization, heteroatom doping, neutral electrolyte, water‐in‐salt electrolyte, introducing redox mediators into electrolyte, and designing asymmetric structure are effective strategies for achieving this goal. Further, the actual voltage window can be maximized by optimizing the electrode mass ratio, adjusting potential of zero voltage, and electrode functionalization. The challenge and future of expanding working voltage of aqueous supercapacitors are further discussed. Importantly, this review provides inspiration for the development of supercapacitors with high energy density.

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Concentration and temperature empirical relationships of the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solutions

2021

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We have considered the dependences of the specific (κ) and molar (Λ) electrical conductivity (EC) of aqueous electrolyte solutions on the molar concentration and temperature for sulfates of divalent metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) in a wide concentration range at 5 – 35°C. To describe such systems we propose a modified cubic equation (MCE): κ = C∙c3k + Q∙c2k + L∙ck, where C, Q, L, k are empirical parameters, fixed parameter k = 0.5 has been considered as well. From the correlation between the calculated parameters we assume that two of them are sufficient. The maximum of specific EC (κm) and the corresponding concentration (cm) have been calculated. We also assume that the systems under study are isomorphic in the normalized coordinates (κ/κm via c/cm). For the dependences like κ = A∙cx + B∙cy it is shown that x = 1 is a good approximation over the generalized sample. Empirical dependences with y = 5/4 and y = 4/3 are also considered. It is shown that they give comparable results to MCE. The proposed approach is tested on EC data of aqueous solutions of some salts. Similar two-parameter κ(κm, cm; c) equations of other authors have been considered. In order to describe the dependence of the specific EC on temperature and concentration we propose an equation κ = (A25 + a∙θ)∙c – (B25 + b∙θ)∙c5/4, where θ is the reduced temperature and A25, a, B25 and b are empirical parameters. Also a generalized equation for the molar EC of concentrated electrolyte solutions is proposed: Λ(Λ*, Λm, cm; c), where Λ* is the effective limiting molar EC, and Λm is the molar EC at c = cm. It was found that Λ* and Λm depend linearly on temperature. The average value of the exponent is close to 1/3, which brings the generalized molar EC equation closer to the equation derived from the quasi-lattice model of electrolyte solutions.

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Empirical formula for the concentration dependence of the conductivity of organic electrolytes for lithium power sources in the vicinity of a maximum

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques

Perspectives on Working Voltage of Aqueous Supercapacitors

Concentration and temperature empirical relationships of the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solutions

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